[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2638},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page:\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fself-hosting-static-sites\u002Fzero-downtime-deploys-with-symlink-swaps":3,"all-docs-nav":1489,"filed:\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fself-hosting-static-sites\u002Fzero-downtime-deploys-with-symlink-swaps":2629},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"breadcrumb":1466,"dateModified":1475,"datePublished":1475,"description":1476,"extension":1477,"faq":1478,"meta":1483,"navigation":304,"path":1484,"seo":1485,"slug":12,"stem":1486,"type":1487,"__hash__":1488},"content\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fself-hosting-static-sites\u002Fzero-downtime-deploys-with-symlink-swaps\u002Findex.md","Zero-Downtime Deploys with Symlink Swaps",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1447},"minimark",[9,13,22,35,40,63,67,77,82,209,213,216,662,683,687,860,866,870,876,970,977,981,984,1106,1114,1125,1129,1132,1136,1139,1241,1296,1300,1359,1363,1366,1370,1375,1378,1382,1385,1389,1392,1396,1399,1403,1443],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"zero-downtime-deploys-with-symlink-swaps",[14,15,16,17,21],"p",{},"Managed static hosts deploy atomically: the new version goes live all at once, and the old one stays available for instant rollback. Self-hosted sites on a VM often lose both properties by deploying with ",[18,19,20],"code",{},"rsync --delete"," straight into the web root. For the minute the transfer takes, the site is a mix of two builds — new HTML referencing assets that have not arrived, old HTML whose assets were just deleted. Rollback means rebuilding the previous commit and uploading it again, which takes as long as a deploy.",[14,23,24,25,28,29,34],{},"The fix is old and simple: upload each build to its own release directory, then point a ",[18,26,27],{},"current"," symlink at it with an atomic rename. Every request sees one complete build, and rollback is re-pointing the symlink. This guide implements it for a Hugo site served by Caddy, with a GitHub Actions workflow, retention and health checks. It is part of ",[30,31,33],"a",{"href":32},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fself-hosting-static-sites\u002F","Self-Hosting Static Sites on S3, Nginx and Caddy",".",[36,37,39],"h2",{"id":38},"prerequisites","Prerequisites",[41,42,43,50,56],"ul",{},[44,45,46,47,34],"li",{},"A VM serving the site with nginx or Caddy, with the web root set to ",[18,48,49],{},"\u002Fsrv\u002Fsite\u002Fcurrent",[44,51,52,53,34],{},"A deploy user with SSH access and write permission only to ",[18,54,55],{},"\u002Fsrv\u002Fsite\u002Freleases",[44,57,58,59,34],{},"A CI workflow that builds the site and can SSH to the VM — ideally with a short-lived key or certificate, following ",[30,60,62],{"href":61},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fsecurity-headers-for-static-sites\u002Fsecuring-deploy-credentials-with-github-oidc\u002F","Securing Deploy Credentials with GitHub OIDC",[36,64,66],{"id":65},"the-layout","The Layout",[68,69,75],"pre",{"className":70,"code":72,"language":73,"meta":74},[71],"language-text","\u002Fsrv\u002Fsite\u002F\n├── releases\u002F\n│   ├── 20260916-0915-3f2a91c\u002F\n│   ├── 20260917-1422-8b71d04\u002F\n│   └── 20260918-1106-c7d8e9f\u002F     ← newest\n├── current -> releases\u002F20260918-1106-c7d8e9f\n└── previous -> releases\u002F20260917-1422-8b71d04\n","text","",[18,76,72],{"__ignoreMap":74},[14,78,79,80,34],{},"Release names combine a timestamp (for sorting) and the commit SHA (for traceability). The server's root never changes: it is always ",[18,81,49],{},[83,84,85,205],"figure",{},[86,87,94,95,94,99,94,103,94,110],"svg",{"viewBox":88,"role":89,"ariaLabelledBy":90,"xmlns":93},"0 0 760 290","img",[91,92],"sym-swap-title","sym-swap-desc","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg","\n  ",[96,97,98],"title",{"id":91},"In-place rsync versus release directory and symlink swap",[100,101,102],"desc",{"id":92},"Top: rsync into the live directory takes about 50 seconds during which the site is a mixture of old and new files. Bottom: the new build uploads into its own release directory while the current symlink still points at the old release; then a single atomic rename switches current to the new release, so readers see either the complete old site or the complete new site.",[104,105],"rect",{"x":106,"y":106,"width":107,"height":108,"fill":109},"0","760","290","#ffffff",[111,112,114,115,114,122,114,128,114,137,114,143,114,148,114,154,114,160,114,164,114,168,114,171,114,176,114,183,114,188,114,192,114,195,114,201,94],"g",{"style":113},"font-family:system-ui, sans-serif;font-size:12px","\n    ",[73,116,121],{"x":117,"y":118,"fill":119,"style":120},"380","28","#1f2937","font-size:16px;font-weight:700;text-anchor:middle","Upload beside, then switch in one step",[73,123,127],{"x":124,"y":125,"fill":119,"style":126},"30","74","font-weight:700","rsync in place",[104,129],{"x":130,"y":131,"width":132,"height":124,"rx":133,"fill":134,"opacity":135,"stroke":134,"style":136},"170","56","120","4","#1982c4","0.2","stroke-width:1px",[73,138,142],{"x":139,"y":140,"fill":119,"style":141},"230","76","text-anchor:middle","old site",[104,144],{"x":108,"y":131,"width":145,"height":124,"rx":133,"fill":146,"opacity":135,"stroke":147,"style":136},"260","#ff595e","#d83b41",[73,149,153],{"x":150,"y":140,"fill":151,"style":152},"420","#b32b30","font-weight:700;text-anchor:middle","mixed old + new for ~50 s",[104,155],{"x":156,"y":131,"width":130,"height":124,"rx":133,"fill":157,"opacity":158,"stroke":159,"style":136},"550","#8ac926","0.25","#5a8a16",[73,161,163],{"x":162,"y":140,"fill":119,"style":141},"635","new site",[73,165,167],{"x":124,"y":166,"fill":119,"style":126},"154","release + swap",[104,169],{"x":130,"y":170,"width":117,"height":124,"rx":133,"fill":134,"opacity":135,"stroke":134,"style":136},"136",[73,172,175],{"x":173,"y":174,"fill":119,"style":141},"360","156","readers see old site while new release uploads",[177,178],"line",{"x1":156,"y1":179,"x2":156,"y2":180,"stroke":181,"style":182},"126","176","#6a4c93","stroke-width:3px",[73,184,187],{"x":156,"y":185,"fill":181,"style":186},"194","font-size:11px;font-weight:700;text-anchor:middle","mv -T (atomic)",[104,189],{"x":190,"y":170,"width":191,"height":124,"rx":133,"fill":157,"opacity":158,"stroke":159,"style":136},"552","168",[73,193,163],{"x":194,"y":174,"fill":119,"style":141},"636",[73,196,200],{"x":117,"y":197,"fill":198,"style":199},"236","#556071","font-size:11px;text-anchor:middle","The upload time is unchanged; what disappears is the window in which the site is inconsistent",[73,202,204],{"x":117,"y":203,"fill":198,"style":199},"256","Rollback: point current at the previous release — the same one-step operation",[206,207,208],"figcaption",{},"The swap takes microseconds, so the consistency window shrinks from the whole transfer to effectively zero.",[36,210,212],{"id":211},"the-deploy-script","The Deploy Script",[14,214,215],{},"The script runs on the VM, invoked over SSH after the upload. It verifies the release, swaps atomically, records the previous release and prunes old ones:",[68,217,221],{"className":218,"code":219,"language":220,"meta":74,"style":74},"language-bash shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","#!\u002Fusr\u002Fbin\u002Fenv bash\n# \u002Fusr\u002Flocal\u002Fbin\u002Fsite-activate \u003Crelease-name>\nset -euo pipefail\nBASE=\u002Fsrv\u002Fsite\nNEW=\"$BASE\u002Freleases\u002F$1\"\nKEEP=10\n\n[ -f \"$NEW\u002Findex.html\" ] || { echo \"release $1 has no index.html\"; exit 1; }\n[ \"$(find \"$NEW\" -name index.html | wc -l)\" -gt 500 ] || { echo \"release looks incomplete\"; exit 1; }\n\nPREV=$(readlink -f \"$BASE\u002Fcurrent\" || true)\nln -sfn \"$NEW\" \"$BASE\u002Fcurrent.tmp\"\nmv -T \"$BASE\u002Fcurrent.tmp\" \"$BASE\u002Fcurrent\"          # atomic rename over the old symlink\n[ -n \"$PREV\" ] && ln -sfn \"$PREV\" \"$BASE\u002Fprevious\"\n\ncaddy reload --config \u002Fetc\u002Fcaddy\u002FCaddyfile >\u002Fdev\u002Fnull   # picks up the release's redirect import\n\nls -1dt \"$BASE\"\u002Freleases\u002F*\u002F | tail -n +$((KEEP + 1)) | xargs -r rm -rf\necho \"active: $1 (previous: $(basename \"${PREV:-none}\"))\"\n","bash",[18,222,223,231,237,251,265,288,299,306,356,418,423,456,478,503,538,543,567,572,632],{"__ignoreMap":74},[224,225,227],"span",{"class":177,"line":226},1,[224,228,230],{"class":229},"sJ8bj","#!\u002Fusr\u002Fbin\u002Fenv bash\n",[224,232,234],{"class":177,"line":233},2,[224,235,236],{"class":229},"# \u002Fusr\u002Flocal\u002Fbin\u002Fsite-activate \u003Crelease-name>\n",[224,238,240,244,247],{"class":177,"line":239},3,[224,241,243],{"class":242},"sj4cs","set",[224,245,246],{"class":242}," -euo",[224,248,250],{"class":249},"sZZnC"," pipefail\n",[224,252,254,258,262],{"class":177,"line":253},4,[224,255,257],{"class":256},"sVt8B","BASE",[224,259,261],{"class":260},"szBVR","=",[224,263,264],{"class":249},"\u002Fsrv\u002Fsite\n",[224,266,268,271,273,276,279,282,285],{"class":177,"line":267},5,[224,269,270],{"class":256},"NEW",[224,272,261],{"class":260},[224,274,275],{"class":249},"\"",[224,277,278],{"class":256},"$BASE",[224,280,281],{"class":249},"\u002Freleases\u002F",[224,283,284],{"class":242},"$1",[224,286,287],{"class":249},"\"\n",[224,289,291,294,296],{"class":177,"line":290},6,[224,292,293],{"class":256},"KEEP",[224,295,261],{"class":260},[224,297,298],{"class":249},"10\n",[224,300,302],{"class":177,"line":301},7,[224,303,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},true,"\n",[224,307,309,312,315,318,321,324,327,330,333,336,339,341,344,347,350,353],{"class":177,"line":308},8,[224,310,311],{"class":256},"[ ",[224,313,314],{"class":260},"-f",[224,316,317],{"class":249}," \"",[224,319,320],{"class":256},"$NEW",[224,322,323],{"class":249},"\u002Findex.html\"",[224,325,326],{"class":256}," ] ",[224,328,329],{"class":260},"||",[224,331,332],{"class":256}," { ",[224,334,335],{"class":242},"echo",[224,337,338],{"class":249}," \"release ",[224,340,284],{"class":242},[224,342,343],{"class":249}," has no index.html\"",[224,345,346],{"class":256},"; ",[224,348,349],{"class":242},"exit",[224,351,352],{"class":242}," 1",[224,354,355],{"class":256},"; }\n",[224,357,359,361,364,368,370,372,375,378,381,384,387,390,393,396,399,401,403,405,407,410,412,414,416],{"class":177,"line":358},9,[224,360,311],{"class":256},[224,362,363],{"class":249},"\"$(",[224,365,367],{"class":366},"sScJk","find",[224,369,317],{"class":249},[224,371,320],{"class":256},[224,373,374],{"class":249},"\" ",[224,376,377],{"class":242},"-name",[224,379,380],{"class":249}," index.html ",[224,382,383],{"class":260},"|",[224,385,386],{"class":366}," wc",[224,388,389],{"class":242}," -l",[224,391,392],{"class":249},")\"",[224,394,395],{"class":260}," -gt",[224,397,398],{"class":242}," 500",[224,400,326],{"class":256},[224,402,329],{"class":260},[224,404,332],{"class":256},[224,406,335],{"class":242},[224,408,409],{"class":249}," \"release looks incomplete\"",[224,411,346],{"class":256},[224,413,349],{"class":242},[224,415,352],{"class":242},[224,417,355],{"class":256},[224,419,421],{"class":177,"line":420},10,[224,422,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[224,424,426,429,431,434,437,440,442,444,447,450,453],{"class":177,"line":425},11,[224,427,428],{"class":256},"PREV",[224,430,261],{"class":260},[224,432,433],{"class":256},"$(",[224,435,436],{"class":366},"readlink",[224,438,439],{"class":242}," -f",[224,441,317],{"class":249},[224,443,278],{"class":256},[224,445,446],{"class":249},"\u002Fcurrent\"",[224,448,449],{"class":260}," ||",[224,451,452],{"class":242}," true",[224,454,455],{"class":256},")\n",[224,457,459,462,465,467,469,471,473,475],{"class":177,"line":458},12,[224,460,461],{"class":366},"ln",[224,463,464],{"class":242}," -sfn",[224,466,317],{"class":249},[224,468,320],{"class":256},[224,470,275],{"class":249},[224,472,317],{"class":249},[224,474,278],{"class":256},[224,476,477],{"class":249},"\u002Fcurrent.tmp\"\n",[224,479,481,484,487,489,491,494,496,498,500],{"class":177,"line":480},13,[224,482,483],{"class":366},"mv",[224,485,486],{"class":242}," -T",[224,488,317],{"class":249},[224,490,278],{"class":256},[224,492,493],{"class":249},"\u002Fcurrent.tmp\"",[224,495,317],{"class":249},[224,497,278],{"class":256},[224,499,446],{"class":249},[224,501,502],{"class":229},"          # atomic rename over the old symlink\n",[224,504,506,508,511,513,516,518,521,523,525,527,529,531,533,535],{"class":177,"line":505},14,[224,507,311],{"class":256},[224,509,510],{"class":260},"-n",[224,512,317],{"class":249},[224,514,515],{"class":256},"$PREV",[224,517,275],{"class":249},[224,519,520],{"class":256}," ] && ",[224,522,461],{"class":366},[224,524,464],{"class":242},[224,526,317],{"class":249},[224,528,515],{"class":256},[224,530,275],{"class":249},[224,532,317],{"class":249},[224,534,278],{"class":256},[224,536,537],{"class":249},"\u002Fprevious\"\n",[224,539,541],{"class":177,"line":540},15,[224,542,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[224,544,546,549,552,555,558,561,564],{"class":177,"line":545},16,[224,547,548],{"class":366},"caddy",[224,550,551],{"class":249}," reload",[224,553,554],{"class":242}," --config",[224,556,557],{"class":249}," \u002Fetc\u002Fcaddy\u002FCaddyfile",[224,559,560],{"class":260}," >",[224,562,563],{"class":249},"\u002Fdev\u002Fnull",[224,565,566],{"class":229},"   # picks up the release's redirect import\n",[224,568,570],{"class":177,"line":569},17,[224,571,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[224,573,575,578,581,583,585,588,591,594,597,600,603,606,609,611,613,615,618,620,623,626,629],{"class":177,"line":574},18,[224,576,577],{"class":366},"ls",[224,579,580],{"class":242}," -1dt",[224,582,317],{"class":249},[224,584,278],{"class":256},[224,586,587],{"class":249},"\"\u002Freleases\u002F",[224,589,590],{"class":242},"*",[224,592,593],{"class":249},"\u002F",[224,595,596],{"class":260}," |",[224,598,599],{"class":366}," tail",[224,601,602],{"class":242}," -n",[224,604,605],{"class":249}," +",[224,607,608],{"class":256},"$((",[224,610,293],{"class":366},[224,612,605],{"class":249},[224,614,352],{"class":242},[224,616,617],{"class":256},")) ",[224,619,383],{"class":260},[224,621,622],{"class":366}," xargs",[224,624,625],{"class":242}," -r",[224,627,628],{"class":249}," rm",[224,630,631],{"class":242}," -rf\n",[224,633,635,637,640,642,645,648,651,653,656,659],{"class":177,"line":634},19,[224,636,335],{"class":242},[224,638,639],{"class":249}," \"active: ",[224,641,284],{"class":242},[224,643,644],{"class":249}," (previous: $(",[224,646,647],{"class":366},"basename",[224,649,650],{"class":249}," \"${",[224,652,428],{"class":256},[224,654,655],{"class":260},":-",[224,657,658],{"class":256},"none",[224,660,661],{"class":249},"}\"))\"\n",[14,663,664,667,668,670,671,674,675,678,679,682],{},[18,665,666],{},"ln -sfn"," alone is not atomic: it unlinks the old symlink and creates a new one, leaving a brief gap where ",[18,669,27],{}," does not exist. Creating ",[18,672,673],{},"current.tmp"," and renaming it with ",[18,676,677],{},"mv -T"," uses a single ",[18,680,681],{},"rename()"," system call, which replaces the old link atomically. The sanity checks refuse to activate a release that is obviously incomplete — here, fewer than 500 pages on a site with about 1,500.",[36,684,686],{"id":685},"the-workflow","The Workflow",[68,688,692],{"className":689,"code":690,"language":691,"meta":74,"style":74},"language-yaml shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","deploy:\n  needs: build\n  runs-on: ubuntu-latest\n  environment: production\n  steps:\n    - uses: actions\u002Fdownload-artifact@v4\n      with: { name: site, path: public\u002F }\n    - name: Upload release\n      run: |\n        REL=\"$(date -u +%Y%m%d-%H%M)-${GITHUB_SHA::7}\"\n        echo \"REL=$REL\" >> \"$GITHUB_ENV\"\n        rsync -az --delete --link-dest=\u002Fsrv\u002Fsite\u002Fcurrent\u002F public\u002F deploy@docs-vm:\u002Fsrv\u002Fsite\u002Freleases\u002F$REL\u002F\n    - name: Activate\n      run: ssh deploy@docs-vm \"sudo \u002Fusr\u002Flocal\u002Fbin\u002Fsite-activate $REL\"\n    - name: Smoke test\n      run: .\u002Fscripts\u002Fsmoke.sh https:\u002F\u002Fdocs.example.com || ssh deploy@docs-vm \"sudo \u002Fusr\u002Flocal\u002Fbin\u002Fsite-rollback\"\n","yaml",[18,693,694,703,714,724,734,741,754,784,795,805,810,815,820,831,840,851],{"__ignoreMap":74},[224,695,696,700],{"class":177,"line":226},[224,697,699],{"class":698},"s9eBZ","deploy",[224,701,702],{"class":256},":\n",[224,704,705,708,711],{"class":177,"line":233},[224,706,707],{"class":698},"  needs",[224,709,710],{"class":256},": ",[224,712,713],{"class":249},"build\n",[224,715,716,719,721],{"class":177,"line":239},[224,717,718],{"class":698},"  runs-on",[224,720,710],{"class":256},[224,722,723],{"class":249},"ubuntu-latest\n",[224,725,726,729,731],{"class":177,"line":253},[224,727,728],{"class":698},"  environment",[224,730,710],{"class":256},[224,732,733],{"class":249},"production\n",[224,735,736,739],{"class":177,"line":267},[224,737,738],{"class":698},"  steps",[224,740,702],{"class":256},[224,742,743,746,749,751],{"class":177,"line":290},[224,744,745],{"class":256},"    - ",[224,747,748],{"class":698},"uses",[224,750,710],{"class":256},[224,752,753],{"class":249},"actions\u002Fdownload-artifact@v4\n",[224,755,756,759,762,765,767,770,773,776,778,781],{"class":177,"line":301},[224,757,758],{"class":698},"      with",[224,760,761],{"class":256},": { ",[224,763,764],{"class":698},"name",[224,766,710],{"class":256},[224,768,769],{"class":249},"site",[224,771,772],{"class":256},", ",[224,774,775],{"class":698},"path",[224,777,710],{"class":256},[224,779,780],{"class":249},"public\u002F",[224,782,783],{"class":256}," }\n",[224,785,786,788,790,792],{"class":177,"line":308},[224,787,745],{"class":256},[224,789,764],{"class":698},[224,791,710],{"class":256},[224,793,794],{"class":249},"Upload release\n",[224,796,797,800,802],{"class":177,"line":358},[224,798,799],{"class":698},"      run",[224,801,710],{"class":256},[224,803,804],{"class":260},"|\n",[224,806,807],{"class":177,"line":420},[224,808,809],{"class":249},"        REL=\"$(date -u +%Y%m%d-%H%M)-${GITHUB_SHA::7}\"\n",[224,811,812],{"class":177,"line":425},[224,813,814],{"class":249},"        echo \"REL=$REL\" >> \"$GITHUB_ENV\"\n",[224,816,817],{"class":177,"line":458},[224,818,819],{"class":249},"        rsync -az --delete --link-dest=\u002Fsrv\u002Fsite\u002Fcurrent\u002F public\u002F deploy@docs-vm:\u002Fsrv\u002Fsite\u002Freleases\u002F$REL\u002F\n",[224,821,822,824,826,828],{"class":177,"line":480},[224,823,745],{"class":256},[224,825,764],{"class":698},[224,827,710],{"class":256},[224,829,830],{"class":249},"Activate\n",[224,832,833,835,837],{"class":177,"line":505},[224,834,799],{"class":698},[224,836,710],{"class":256},[224,838,839],{"class":249},"ssh deploy@docs-vm \"sudo \u002Fusr\u002Flocal\u002Fbin\u002Fsite-activate $REL\"\n",[224,841,842,844,846,848],{"class":177,"line":540},[224,843,745],{"class":256},[224,845,764],{"class":698},[224,847,710],{"class":256},[224,849,850],{"class":249},"Smoke test\n",[224,852,853,855,857],{"class":177,"line":545},[224,854,799],{"class":698},[224,856,710],{"class":256},[224,858,859],{"class":249},".\u002Fscripts\u002Fsmoke.sh https:\u002F\u002Fdocs.example.com || ssh deploy@docs-vm \"sudo \u002Fusr\u002Flocal\u002Fbin\u002Fsite-rollback\"\n",[14,861,862,865],{},[18,863,864],{},"--link-dest"," makes rsync hard-link files that are unchanged since the current release instead of transferring and storing them again. For a site where a typical deploy changes a few dozen pages, the upload shrinks to those files, and ten releases take little more disk than one.",[36,867,869],{"id":868},"hard-links-and-disk-use","Hard Links and Disk Use",[14,871,872,873,875],{},"Keeping ten full copies of a site sounds wasteful, and without ",[18,874,864],{}," it is. With it, rsync compares each file against the same path in the current release; unchanged files become hard links to the existing inode rather than new copies, and only changed files are transferred and stored. A release directory then costs roughly the size of what changed.",[83,877,878,967],{},[86,879,94,884,94,887,94,890,94,893],{"viewBox":880,"role":89,"ariaLabelledBy":881,"xmlns":93},"0 0 760 250",[882,883],"sym-link-title","sym-link-desc",[96,885,886],{"id":882},"How --link-dest shares unchanged files between releases",[100,888,889],{"id":883},"Two release directories side by side. Most files in the new release are hard links pointing at the same stored data as the previous release. Only the changed pages and the new hashed assets are new data. Ten releases of a 160 megabyte site use 290 megabytes instead of 1.6 gigabytes.",[104,891],{"x":106,"y":106,"width":107,"height":892,"fill":109},"250",[111,894,114,895,114,898,114,906,114,911,114,918,114,922,114,928,114,932,114,935,114,939,114,942,114,945,114,949,114,952,114,955,114,959,114,963,94],{"style":113},[73,896,897],{"x":117,"y":118,"fill":119,"style":120},"Releases share unchanged files on disk",[104,899],{"x":900,"y":131,"width":901,"height":902,"rx":903,"fill":134,"opacity":904,"stroke":134,"style":905},"40","280","140","10","0.08","stroke-width:1.5px",[73,907,910],{"x":908,"y":909,"fill":119,"style":152},"180","80","release N−1",[104,912],{"x":913,"y":914,"width":915,"height":913,"rx":916,"fill":134,"opacity":917,"stroke":134,"style":136},"60","94","240","6","0.18",[73,919,921],{"x":908,"y":920,"fill":119,"style":141},"128","1,480 unchanged files",[104,923],{"x":913,"y":924,"width":915,"height":925,"rx":916,"fill":926,"stroke":927,"style":136},"162","24","#f8fafc","#d9e2ef",[73,929,931],{"x":908,"y":930,"fill":198,"style":199},"179","20 old versions",[104,933],{"x":934,"y":131,"width":901,"height":902,"rx":903,"fill":157,"opacity":904,"stroke":159,"style":905},"440",[73,936,938],{"x":937,"y":909,"fill":119,"style":152},"580","release N",[104,940],{"x":941,"y":914,"width":915,"height":913,"rx":916,"fill":134,"opacity":917,"stroke":134,"style":136},"460",[73,943,944],{"x":937,"y":132,"fill":119,"style":141},"1,480 hard links",[73,946,948],{"x":937,"y":947,"fill":198,"style":199},"138","no new data",[104,950],{"x":941,"y":924,"width":915,"height":925,"rx":916,"fill":157,"opacity":951,"stroke":159,"style":136},"0.3",[73,953,954],{"x":937,"y":930,"fill":119,"style":199},"20 changed files: new data",[775,956],{"d":957,"stroke":198,"fill":658,"style":958},"M302 124 L456 124","stroke-width:2px;stroke-dasharray:5 4",[73,960,962],{"x":117,"y":961,"fill":198,"style":199},"116","same inodes",[73,964,966],{"x":117,"y":965,"fill":198,"style":199},"228","10 releases: 290 MB with links vs 1.6 GB as full copies",[206,968,969],{},"Hard links make keeping history nearly free, which is what makes a generous retention window practical.",[14,971,972,973,976],{},"Two cautions apply. Hard links share file contents, so a process that edits a file in place in one release changes it in every release that links to it; deploys must only ever create new files, never modify existing ones, which ",[18,974,975],{},"rsync"," respects by default. And pruning must delete whole release directories, not individual files — removing a directory just drops one link to each shared inode, and the data survives as long as another release references it.",[36,978,980],{"id":979},"rollback","Rollback",[14,982,983],{},"Rollback is the same swap in the other direction:",[68,985,987],{"className":218,"code":986,"language":220,"meta":74,"style":74},"#!\u002Fusr\u002Fbin\u002Fenv bash\n# \u002Fusr\u002Flocal\u002Fbin\u002Fsite-rollback\nset -euo pipefail\nBASE=\u002Fsrv\u002Fsite\nTARGET=$(readlink -f \"$BASE\u002Fprevious\")\nln -sfn \"$TARGET\" \"$BASE\u002Fcurrent.tmp\" && mv -T \"$BASE\u002Fcurrent.tmp\" \"$BASE\u002Fcurrent\"\ncaddy reload --config \u002Fetc\u002Fcaddy\u002FCaddyfile >\u002Fdev\u002Fnull\necho \"rolled back to $(basename \"$TARGET\")\"\n",[18,988,989,993,998,1006,1014,1036,1075,1090],{"__ignoreMap":74},[224,990,991],{"class":177,"line":226},[224,992,230],{"class":229},[224,994,995],{"class":177,"line":233},[224,996,997],{"class":229},"# \u002Fusr\u002Flocal\u002Fbin\u002Fsite-rollback\n",[224,999,1000,1002,1004],{"class":177,"line":239},[224,1001,243],{"class":242},[224,1003,246],{"class":242},[224,1005,250],{"class":249},[224,1007,1008,1010,1012],{"class":177,"line":253},[224,1009,257],{"class":256},[224,1011,261],{"class":260},[224,1013,264],{"class":249},[224,1015,1016,1019,1021,1023,1025,1027,1029,1031,1034],{"class":177,"line":267},[224,1017,1018],{"class":256},"TARGET",[224,1020,261],{"class":260},[224,1022,433],{"class":256},[224,1024,436],{"class":366},[224,1026,439],{"class":242},[224,1028,317],{"class":249},[224,1030,278],{"class":256},[224,1032,1033],{"class":249},"\u002Fprevious\"",[224,1035,455],{"class":256},[224,1037,1038,1040,1042,1044,1047,1049,1051,1053,1055,1058,1060,1062,1064,1066,1068,1070,1072],{"class":177,"line":290},[224,1039,461],{"class":366},[224,1041,464],{"class":242},[224,1043,317],{"class":249},[224,1045,1046],{"class":256},"$TARGET",[224,1048,275],{"class":249},[224,1050,317],{"class":249},[224,1052,278],{"class":256},[224,1054,493],{"class":249},[224,1056,1057],{"class":256}," && ",[224,1059,483],{"class":366},[224,1061,486],{"class":242},[224,1063,317],{"class":249},[224,1065,278],{"class":256},[224,1067,493],{"class":249},[224,1069,317],{"class":249},[224,1071,278],{"class":256},[224,1073,1074],{"class":249},"\u002Fcurrent\"\n",[224,1076,1077,1079,1081,1083,1085,1087],{"class":177,"line":301},[224,1078,548],{"class":366},[224,1080,551],{"class":249},[224,1082,554],{"class":242},[224,1084,557],{"class":249},[224,1086,560],{"class":260},[224,1088,1089],{"class":249},"\u002Fdev\u002Fnull\n",[224,1091,1092,1094,1097,1099,1101,1103],{"class":177,"line":308},[224,1093,335],{"class":242},[224,1095,1096],{"class":249}," \"rolled back to $(",[224,1098,647],{"class":366},[224,1100,317],{"class":249},[224,1102,1046],{"class":256},[224,1104,1105],{"class":249},"\")\"\n",[14,1107,1108,1109,1113],{},"Wire it to the smoke test, as in the workflow above, so a deploy that fails its checks reverts automatically — the same pattern as ",[30,1110,1112],{"href":1111},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Frollbacks-and-deploy-safety-for-static-sites\u002Frolling-back-a-bad-static-deploy-in-under-a-minute\u002F","Rolling Back a Bad Static Deploy in Under a Minute",". For rolling back further than one release, a variant takes a release name and activates it directly.",[14,1115,1116,1117,1120,1121,34],{},"If a CDN sits in front of the VM, purge HTML after either a deploy or a rollback, or edges keep serving the version they cached. With short HTML cache lifetimes and ",[18,1118,1119],{},"stale-while-revalidate",", the purge can be skipped at the cost of up to a few minutes of old content — see ",[30,1122,1124],{"href":1123},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fpurging-the-cdn-cache-after-a-static-deploy\u002F","Purging the CDN Cache After a Static Deploy",[36,1126,1128],{"id":1127},"multiple-servers","Multiple Servers",[14,1130,1131],{},"With two or more VMs behind a load balancer, activate the release on all of them as close to simultaneously as possible, and only after the upload has finished everywhere. The workflow uploads to every host first — in parallel — then runs the activate script on each. The window in which one server has the new release and another the old one shrinks to the few hundred milliseconds between SSH commands; if even that matters, route by a sticky cookie so a reader's session stays on one server for its duration. Rollback follows the same pattern in reverse, and the smoke test should hit every backend directly, not only the load-balanced hostname, so a server that failed to activate is caught rather than averaged away.",[36,1133,1135],{"id":1134},"measured-impact","Measured Impact",[14,1137,1138],{},"A 1,500-page Hugo site, before and after switching from in-place rsync to release directories, over three months of deploys.",[1140,1141,1142,1158],"table",{},[1143,1144,1145],"thead",{},[1146,1147,1148,1152,1155],"tr",{},[1149,1150,1151],"th",{},"Measure",[1149,1153,1154],{},"In-place rsync",[1149,1156,1157],{},"Release + symlink swap",[1159,1160,1161,1173,1184,1194,1208,1219,1230],"tbody",{},[1146,1162,1163,1167,1170],{},[1164,1165,1166],"td",{},"Deploys",[1164,1168,1169],{},"118",[1164,1171,1172],{},"131",[1146,1174,1175,1178,1181],{},[1164,1176,1177],{},"Window with mixed old\u002Fnew files, per deploy",[1164,1179,1180],{},"20–55 s",[1164,1182,1183],{},"~0 (single rename)",[1146,1185,1186,1189,1192],{},[1164,1187,1188],{},"Asset 404s during deploys (edge logs, total)",[1164,1190,1191],{},"2,860",[1164,1193,106],{},[1146,1195,1196,1199,1202],{},[1164,1197,1198],{},"Upload time, typical deploy",[1164,1200,1201],{},"34 s",[1164,1203,1204,1205,1207],{},"9 s (",[18,1206,864],{},", changed files only)",[1146,1209,1210,1213,1216],{},[1164,1211,1212],{},"Rollback time",[1164,1214,1215],{},"~4 min (rebuild + upload)",[1164,1217,1218],{},"0.8 s",[1146,1220,1221,1224,1227],{},[1164,1222,1223],{},"Automatic rollbacks triggered by smoke test",[1164,1225,1226],{},"—",[1164,1228,1229],{},"2",[1146,1231,1232,1235,1238],{},[1164,1233,1234],{},"Disk for releases (10 kept)",[1164,1236,1237],{},"160 MB",[1164,1239,1240],{},"290 MB (hard links)",[83,1242,1243,1293],{},[86,1244,94,1249,94,1252,94,1255,94,1257],{"viewBox":1245,"role":89,"ariaLabelledBy":1246,"xmlns":93},"0 0 760 260",[1247,1248],"sym-rb-title","sym-rb-desc",[96,1250,1251],{"id":1247},"Rollback time before and after",[100,1253,1254],{"id":1248},"A bar comparison on a log scale. Rolling back by rebuilding the previous commit and re-uploading took about four minutes. Rolling back by swapping the symlink to the previous release took 0.8 seconds.",[104,1256],{"x":106,"y":106,"width":107,"height":145,"fill":109},[111,1258,114,1259,114,1262,114,1266,114,1273,114,1277,114,1281,114,1284,114,1289,94],{"style":113},[73,1260,1261],{"x":117,"y":118,"fill":119,"style":120},"Time to restore the previous version",[73,1263,1265],{"x":124,"y":1264,"fill":119,"style":126},"90","Rebuild + re-upload",[104,1267],{"x":1268,"y":1269,"width":1270,"height":1271,"rx":1272,"fill":146,"opacity":158,"stroke":147,"style":136},"220","70","480","32","5",[73,1274,1276],{"x":941,"y":1275,"fill":119,"style":152},"91","~240 s",[73,1278,1280],{"x":124,"y":1279,"fill":119,"style":126},"160","Symlink swap",[104,1282],{"x":1268,"y":902,"width":133,"height":1271,"rx":1283,"fill":157,"stroke":159,"style":136},"1",[73,1285,1218],{"x":1286,"y":1287,"fill":1288,"style":126},"234","161","#3f6410",[73,1290,1292],{"x":117,"y":1291,"fill":198,"style":199},"224","Two automatic rollbacks in three months restored service before any reader report",[206,1294,1295],{},"When rollback costs under a second, automating it on a failed smoke test becomes an obvious default.",[36,1297,1299],{"id":1298},"pitfalls-rollback-notes","Pitfalls & Rollback Notes",[41,1301,1302,1317,1333,1343,1349],{},[44,1303,1304,1310,1311,1313,1314,1316],{},[1305,1306,1307,1309],"strong",{},[18,1308,666],{}," without the rename."," It leaves a moment where ",[18,1312,27],{}," does not exist. Always create a temporary link and ",[18,1315,677],{}," it.",[44,1318,1319,1322,1323,1325,1326,1329,1330,1332],{},[1305,1320,1321],{},"Releases on a different filesystem."," ",[18,1324,681],{}," is only atomic within one filesystem; keep ",[18,1327,1328],{},"releases\u002F"," and ",[18,1331,27],{}," together.",[44,1334,1335,1338,1339,1342],{},[1305,1336,1337],{},"Web server following old file handles."," Some caches (nginx ",[18,1340,1341],{},"open_file_cache",") keep serving the previous release briefly; keep validity short or reload.",[44,1344,1345,1348],{},[1305,1346,1347],{},"Unbounded releases."," Without pruning, releases fill the disk eventually. Keep five to ten.",[44,1350,1351,1354,1355,1358],{},[1305,1352,1353],{},"Deploy user with broad sudo."," Grant only the two scripts in ",[18,1356,1357],{},"sudoers",", nothing else.",[36,1360,1362],{"id":1361},"conclusion","Conclusion",[14,1364,1365],{},"A release directory per deploy and an atomic symlink rename give a self-hosted static site what managed hosts provide out of the box: every reader sees one complete build, and rollback takes under a second. On a 1,500-page Hugo site it eliminated 2,860 deploy-time asset errors over three months, cut uploads to a quarter of the time with hard-linked unchanged files, and made automatic rollback on a failed smoke test a one-line addition to the workflow.",[36,1367,1369],{"id":1368},"faq","FAQ",[1371,1372,1374],"h3",{"id":1373},"why-not-just-rsync-into-the-live-directory","Why not just rsync into the live directory?",[14,1376,1377],{},"Because rsync updates files one at a time. During the transfer some pages are new and some old, and new HTML can reference assets that have not arrived yet. A reader loading a page mid-deploy can get broken styles or scripts.",[1371,1379,1381],{"id":1380},"is-replacing-a-symlink-really-atomic","Is replacing a symlink really atomic?",[14,1383,1384],{},"Creating a new symlink under a temporary name and renaming it over the old one uses the rename system call, which is atomic on the same filesystem. Every request resolves either the old target or the new one, never a mix.",[1371,1386,1388],{"id":1387},"how-many-releases-should-i-keep","How many releases should I keep?",[14,1390,1391],{},"Enough to roll back past a bad deploy that went unnoticed for a while, typically five to ten. Static builds are small, so ten releases of a 150 MB site use about 1.5 GB of disk.",[1371,1393,1395],{"id":1394},"do-i-need-to-reload-the-web-server-after-swapping","Do I need to reload the web server after swapping?",[14,1397,1398],{},"For file contents, usually not. Reload if the server caches file handles or includes configuration from the release directory, such as a redirect map. A graceful reload does not drop connections.",[36,1400,1402],{"id":1401},"related","Related",[41,1404,1405,1413,1420,1429,1436],{},[44,1406,1407,1322,1410,1412],{},[1305,1408,1409],{},"Parent:",[30,1411,33],{"href":32}," — self-hosting options.",[44,1414,1415,1419],{},[30,1416,1418],{"href":1417},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Frollbacks-and-deploy-safety-for-static-sites\u002Fatomic-deploys-vs-incremental-uploads\u002F","Atomic Deploys vs Incremental Uploads"," — why atomicity matters for static sites.",[44,1421,1422,1426,1427,34],{},[30,1423,1425],{"href":1424},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fself-hosting-static-sites\u002Fserving-a-static-site-with-caddy\u002F","Serving a Static Site with Caddy"," — the server reading ",[18,1428,27],{},[44,1430,1431,1435],{},[30,1432,1434],{"href":1433},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fself-hosting-static-sites\u002Fserving-a-static-site-with-nginx\u002F","Serving a Static Site with Nginx"," — the same layout with nginx.",[44,1437,1438,1442],{},[30,1439,1441],{"href":1440},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Frollbacks-and-deploy-safety-for-static-sites\u002Fcanary-releases-for-static-sites\u002F","Canary Releases for Static Sites"," — serving two releases at once, deliberately.",[1444,1445,1446],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sJ8bj, html code.shiki .sJ8bj{--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D}html pre.shiki code .sj4cs, html code.shiki .sj4cs{--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZZnC, html code.shiki .sZZnC{--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVt8B, html code.shiki .sVt8B{--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .szBVR, html code.shiki .szBVR{--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sScJk, html code.shiki .sScJk{--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: 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Sites",{"path":1812,"title":1813},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fsearch-for-static-sites\u002Fpagefind-vs-algolia-docsearch","Pagefind vs Algolia DocSearch",{"path":1815,"title":1816},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fsearch-for-static-sites\u002Fpagefind-vs-lunr-for-small-documentation-sites","Pagefind vs Lunr for Small Documentation Sites",{"path":1818,"title":1819},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fsearch-for-static-sites\u002Fsearch-index-size-budgets-for-large-docs","Search Index Size Budgets for Large Docs",{"path":1821,"title":1822},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fsearch-for-static-sites\u002Fself-hosting-typesense-for-a-static-site","Self-Hosting Typesense for a Static Site",{"path":1824,"title":1825},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fsearch-for-static-sites\u002Ftracking-zero-result-searches","Tracking 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Risk",{"path":1851,"title":1852},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fssg-framework-selection-matrix\u002Fssg-selection-checklist-for-engineering-teams","SSG Selection Checklist for Engineering Teams",{"path":1854,"title":1855},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fssg-framework-selection-matrix\u002Ftotal-cost-of-ownership-for-static-site-generators","Total Cost of Ownership for Static Site Generators",{"path":1857,"title":1858},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fssg-framework-selection-matrix\u002Fwhen-a-static-site-generator-is-the-wrong-choice","When a Static Site Generator Is the Wrong Choice",{"path":1860,"title":1861},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fadding-json-ld-structured-data-at-build-time","Adding JSON-LD Structured Data at Build Time",{"path":1863,"title":1864},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fcanonical-urls-and-duplicate-content-on-static-sites","Canonical URLs and Duplicate Content on Static Sites",{"path":1866,"title":1867},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-pages-crawled-but-not-indexed-on-static-sites","Fixing Pages Crawled but Not Indexed on Static Sites",{"path":1869,"title":1870},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-soft-404s-on-static-hosts","Fixing Soft 404s on Static Hosts",{"path":1872,"title":1873},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fgenerating-breadcrumb-structured-data-in-astro","Generating Breadcrumb Structured Data in Astro",{"path":1875,"title":1876},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fgenerating-sitemaps-for-large-static-sites","Generating Sitemaps for Large Static Sites",{"path":1878,"title":1879},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites","Technical SEO for Static Sites",{"path":1881,"title":1882},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Frobots-txt-and-noindex-for-preview-and-staging","robots.txt and noindex for Preview and Staging",{"path":1884,"title":1885},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Frss-and-atom-feeds-for-static-blogs","RSS and Atom Feeds for Static Blogs",{"path":1887,"title":1888},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fseo-safe-pagination-and-tag-pages","SEO-Safe 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Sites",{"path":1902,"title":1903},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-keys-and-query-strings-on-cdns","Cache Keys and Query Strings on CDNs",{"path":1905,"title":1906},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcaching-404s-and-redirects-at-the-edge","Caching 404s and Redirects at the Edge",{"path":1908,"title":1909},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcloudflare-vs-cloudfront-cache-hit-ratios-for-static-sites","Cloudflare vs CloudFront Cache Hit Ratios for Static Sites",{"path":1911,"title":1912},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Ffixing-stale-html-after-deploys-on-cloudflare","Fixing Stale HTML After Deploys on Cloudflare",{"path":1914,"title":1915},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs","CDN Caching Rules for SSGs",{"path":1917,"title":1124},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fpurging-the-cdn-cache-after-a-static-deploy",{"path":1919,"title":1920},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fsetting-cache-control-headers-on-cloudflare-pages","Cache-Control Headers on Cloudflare Pages",{"path":1922,"title":1923},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fsetting-up-proper-cache-headers-on-netlify","Proper Cache Headers on Netlify for SSGs",{"path":1925,"title":1926},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fstale-while-revalidate-for-static-html","Stale-While-Revalidate for Static HTML",{"path":1928,"title":1929},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Ftiered-caching-and-origin-shield","Tiered Caching and Origin Shield",{"path":1931,"title":1932},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fcode-splitting-and-module-preload-in-vite-based-ssgs","Code Splitting and Module Preload in Vite-Based SSGs",{"path":1934,"title":1935},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Ffixing-missing-tailwind-classes-in-production-builds","Fixing Missing Tailwind Classes in Production Builds",{"path":1937,"title":1938},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Ffixing-unused-javascript-warnings-on-static-pages","Fixing Unused JavaScript Warnings on Static Pages",{"path":1940,"title":1941},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization","CSS and JavaScript Asset Optimization",{"path":1943,"title":1944},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Finlining-critical-css-on-static-sites","Inlining Critical CSS on Static Sites",{"path":1946,"title":1947},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fkeeping-tailwind-css-output-small-on-static-sites","Keeping Tailwind CSS Output Small on Static Sites",{"path":1949,"title":1950},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fminifying-html-css-and-js-in-eleventy","Minifying HTML, CSS and JS in Eleventy",{"path":1952,"title":1953},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fprecompressing-assets-with-brotli-and-zstd","Precompressing Assets with Brotli and Zstd",{"path":1955,"title":1956},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fpurging-unused-css-with-tailwind-and-lightningcss","Purging Unused CSS with Tailwind and Lightning CSS",{"path":1958,"title":1959},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fsvg-icon-sprites-vs-inline-icons","SVG Icon Sprites vs Inline Icons",{"path":1961,"title":1962},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Ftailwind-v4-in-astro-without-postcss-plugins","Tailwind v4 in Astro Without PostCSS Plugins",{"path":1964,"title":1965},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Fcls-from-client-side-rendered-components","CLS from Client-Side Rendered Components",{"path":1967,"title":1968},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Fdebugging-cls-with-the-layout-instability-api","Debugging CLS with the Layout Instability API",{"path":1970,"title":1971},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Feliminating-layout-shift-from-web-fonts","Eliminating Layout Shift From Web Fonts",{"path":1973,"title":1974},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-cookie-banners","Fixing CLS from Cookie Banners",{"path":1976,"title":1977},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-dynamic-table-of-contents-widgets","Fixing CLS From Dynamic Table of Contents 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Sites",{"path":1991,"title":1992},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Fmeasuring-cls-in-the-field-with-web-vitals-js","Measuring CLS in the Field With web-vitals.js",{"path":1994,"title":1995},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Freserving-space-for-ad-and-promo-slots","Reserving Space for Ad and Promo Slots",{"path":1997,"title":1998},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Freserving-space-for-images-and-embeds-to-stop-layout-shift","Reserving Space for Images and Embeds",{"path":2000,"title":2001},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fauditing-font-payload-per-page","Auditing Font Payload per 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Size",{"path":2099,"title":2100},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Freplacing-react-islands-with-web-components","Replacing React Islands with Web Components",{"path":2102,"title":2103},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fserver-islands-in-astro","Server Islands in Astro",{"path":2105,"title":2106},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Feliminating-render-blocking-css-on-static-sites","Eliminating Render-Blocking CSS on Static Sites",{"path":2108,"title":2109},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-lcp-on-text-heavy-documentation-pages","Fixing LCP on Text-Heavy Documentation Pages",{"path":2111,"title":2112},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-lcp-regressions-caused-by-cookie-consent-tools","Fixing LCP Regressions Caused by Cookie Consent Tools",{"path":2114,"title":2115},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-lcp-when-the-hero-is-a-background-image","Fixing LCP When the Hero Is a Background Image",{"path":2117,"title":2118},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-slow-lcp-on-pages-with-embedded-video","Fixing Slow LCP on Pages With Embedded Video",{"path":2120,"title":2121},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Fimproving-ttfb-for-static-html","Improving TTFB for Static HTML",{"path":2123,"title":2124},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites","Largest Contentful Paint Optimization for Static Sites",{"path":2126,"title":2127},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Fmeasuring-lcp-subparts-with-devtools","Measuring LCP Subparts with DevTools",{"path":2129,"title":2130},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Foptimizing-lcp-on-astro-with-priority-hints","Optimizing LCP on Astro with Priority Hints",{"path":2132,"title":2133},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Freducing-lcp-from-hero-images-on-static-sites","Reducing LCP from Hero Images on Static Sites",{"path":2135,"title":2136},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Fcomparing-lab-and-field-data-with-crux","Comparing Lab and Field Data with CrUX",{"path":2138,"title":2139},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci","Performance Budgets and Lighthouse CI",{"path":2141,"title":2142},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Flighthouse-ci-vs-webpagetest-for-regression-gates","Lighthouse CI vs WebPageTest for Regression Gates",{"path":2144,"title":2145},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Fmeasuring-web-vitals-in-playwright-tests","Measuring Web Vitals in Playwright 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Builds",{"path":2171,"title":2172},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fauditing-unused-preloads","Auditing Unused Preloads",{"path":2174,"title":2175},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fearly-hints-103-on-cloudflare","Early Hints (103) on Cloudflare",{"path":2177,"title":2178},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Ffetchpriority-beyond-the-hero-image","Fetchpriority Beyond the Hero Image",{"path":2180,"title":2181},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Ffixing-wasted-preloads-flagged-by-chrome","Fixing Wasted Preloads Flagged by Chrome",{"path":2183,"title":2184},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed","Resource Hints and Navigation 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Vitals",{"path":2198,"title":2199},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fview-transitions-on-multi-page-static-sites","View Transitions on Multi-Page Static Sites",{"path":2201,"title":2202},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Fauditing-third-party-scripts-with-lighthouse","Auditing Third-Party Scripts With Lighthouse",{"path":2204,"title":2205},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Ffacades-for-chat-widgets-and-maps","Facades for Chat Widgets and Maps",{"path":2207,"title":2208},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Ffixing-main-thread-blocking-from-chat-widgets","Fixing Main-Thread Blocking From Chat Widgets",{"path":2210,"title":2211},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites","Third-Party Script Performance on Static Sites",{"path":2213,"title":2214},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Flazy-loading-youtube-embeds-on-static-sites","Lazy-Loading YouTube Embeds on Static Sites",{"path":2216,"title":2217},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Floading-google-tag-manager-without-hurting-inp","Loading Google Tag Manager Without Hurting INP",{"path":2219,"title":2220},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Fmeasuring-third-party-cost-with-request-blocking","Measuring Third-Party Cost with Request 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Pages",{"path":2234,"title":2235},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fcloudflare-pages-edge-caching-setup\u002Fbranch-deploy-controls-on-cloudflare-pages","Branch Deploy Controls on Cloudflare Pages",{"path":2237,"title":2238},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fcloudflare-pages-edge-caching-setup\u002Fcloudflare-pages-functions-middleware","Cloudflare Pages Functions Middleware",{"path":2240,"title":2241},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fcloudflare-pages-edge-caching-setup\u002Fconfiguring-redirects-on-cloudflare-pages","Configuring Redirects on Cloudflare Pages",{"path":2243,"title":2244},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fcloudflare-pages-edge-caching-setup\u002Fcustom-domains-and-tls-on-cloudflare-pages","Custom Domains and TLS on Cloudflare 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