[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2392},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page:\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fself-hosting-static-sites\u002Fdeploying-a-static-site-to-s3-and-cloudfront":3,"all-docs-nav":1242,"filed:\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fself-hosting-static-sites\u002Fdeploying-a-static-site-to-s3-and-cloudfront":2383},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"breadcrumb":1218,"dateModified":1227,"datePublished":1227,"description":1228,"extension":1229,"faq":1230,"meta":1235,"navigation":1236,"path":1237,"seo":1238,"slug":12,"stem":1239,"type":1240,"__hash__":1241},"content\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fself-hosting-static-sites\u002Fdeploying-a-static-site-to-s3-and-cloudfront\u002Findex.md","Deploying a Static Site to S3 and CloudFront",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1198},"minimark",[9,13,17,26,31,56,60,63,228,243,402,406,413,468,472,479,650,657,758,762,765,853,856,860,932,936,953,957,968,1043,1047,1071,1075,1116,1120,1123,1127,1132,1135,1139,1142,1146,1149,1153,1156,1160,1194],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"deploying-a-static-site-to-s3-and-cloudfront",[14,15,16],"p",{},"S3 and CloudFront are the default way to host a static site inside AWS: storage with eleven nines of durability, a CDN with hundreds of edge locations, free TLS certificates from ACM, and every access controlled by IAM and logged in CloudTrail. The setup has a handful of decisions that are easy to get wrong — public buckets, the website endpoint, one cache header for everything, uploads in the wrong order — and each produces a site that works in a demo and misbehaves in production.",[14,18,19,20,25],{},"This guide deploys a 2,000-page Astro documentation site to a private bucket behind CloudFront, from GitHub Actions, with split cache headers, ordered uploads and a targeted invalidation. It is part of ",[21,22,24],"a",{"href":23},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fself-hosting-static-sites\u002F","Self-Hosting Static Sites on S3, Nginx and Caddy",".",[27,28,30],"h2",{"id":29},"prerequisites","Prerequisites",[32,33,34,38,46,49],"ul",{},[35,36,37],"li",{},"An AWS account and a domain whose DNS you control (Route 53 or elsewhere).",[35,39,40,41,45],{},"An ACM certificate for the domain in ",[42,43,44],"code",{},"us-east-1",", which is where CloudFront reads certificates from.",[35,47,48],{},"A static build that fingerprints assets (Astro, Vite, Hugo Pipes and most generators do).",[35,50,51,52,25],{},"A GitHub Actions deploy role, ideally via OIDC as described in ",[21,53,55],{"href":54},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fsecurity-headers-for-static-sites\u002Fsecuring-deploy-credentials-with-github-oidc\u002F","Securing Deploy Credentials with GitHub OIDC",[27,57,59],{"id":58},"step-1-private-bucket-origin-access-control","Step 1: Private Bucket, Origin Access Control",[14,61,62],{},"Create the bucket with Block Public Access fully enabled and no website hosting. CloudFront reads it through Origin Access Control (OAC), which signs requests; the bucket policy allows only that distribution.",[64,65,70],"pre",{"className":66,"code":67,"language":68,"meta":69,"style":69},"language-hcl shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","resource \"aws_s3_bucket\" \"site\" { bucket = \"docs-example-com\" }\nresource \"aws_s3_bucket_public_access_block\" \"site\" {\n  bucket = aws_s3_bucket.site.id\n  block_public_acls = true\n  block_public_policy = true\n  ignore_public_acls = true\n  restrict_public_buckets = true\n}\nresource \"aws_cloudfront_origin_access_control\" \"site\" {\n  name = \"docs-oac\"\n  origin_access_control_origin_type = \"s3\"\n  signing_behavior = \"always\"\n  signing_protocol = \"sigv4\"\n}\ndata \"aws_iam_policy_document\" \"site\" {\n  statement {\n    actions   = [\"s3:GetObject\"]\n    resources = [\"${aws_s3_bucket.site.arn}\u002F*\"]\n    principals { type = \"Service\", identifiers = [\"cloudfront.amazonaws.com\"] }\n    condition {\n      test = \"StringEquals\"\n      variable = \"AWS:SourceArn\"\n      values = [aws_cloudfront_distribution.site.arn]\n    }\n  }\n}\n","hcl","",[42,71,72,80,86,92,98,104,110,116,122,128,134,140,146,152,157,163,169,175,181,187,193,199,205,211,217,223],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,74,77],"span",{"class":75,"line":76},"line",1,[73,78,79],{},"resource \"aws_s3_bucket\" \"site\" { bucket = \"docs-example-com\" }\n",[73,81,83],{"class":75,"line":82},2,[73,84,85],{},"resource \"aws_s3_bucket_public_access_block\" \"site\" {\n",[73,87,89],{"class":75,"line":88},3,[73,90,91],{},"  bucket = aws_s3_bucket.site.id\n",[73,93,95],{"class":75,"line":94},4,[73,96,97],{},"  block_public_acls = true\n",[73,99,101],{"class":75,"line":100},5,[73,102,103],{},"  block_public_policy = true\n",[73,105,107],{"class":75,"line":106},6,[73,108,109],{},"  ignore_public_acls = true\n",[73,111,113],{"class":75,"line":112},7,[73,114,115],{},"  restrict_public_buckets = true\n",[73,117,119],{"class":75,"line":118},8,[73,120,121],{},"}\n",[73,123,125],{"class":75,"line":124},9,[73,126,127],{},"resource \"aws_cloudfront_origin_access_control\" \"site\" {\n",[73,129,131],{"class":75,"line":130},10,[73,132,133],{},"  name = \"docs-oac\"\n",[73,135,137],{"class":75,"line":136},11,[73,138,139],{},"  origin_access_control_origin_type = \"s3\"\n",[73,141,143],{"class":75,"line":142},12,[73,144,145],{},"  signing_behavior = \"always\"\n",[73,147,149],{"class":75,"line":148},13,[73,150,151],{},"  signing_protocol = \"sigv4\"\n",[73,153,155],{"class":75,"line":154},14,[73,156,121],{},[73,158,160],{"class":75,"line":159},15,[73,161,162],{},"data \"aws_iam_policy_document\" \"site\" {\n",[73,164,166],{"class":75,"line":165},16,[73,167,168],{},"  statement {\n",[73,170,172],{"class":75,"line":171},17,[73,173,174],{},"    actions   = [\"s3:GetObject\"]\n",[73,176,178],{"class":75,"line":177},18,[73,179,180],{},"    resources = [\"${aws_s3_bucket.site.arn}\u002F*\"]\n",[73,182,184],{"class":75,"line":183},19,[73,185,186],{},"    principals { type = \"Service\", identifiers = [\"cloudfront.amazonaws.com\"] }\n",[73,188,190],{"class":75,"line":189},20,[73,191,192],{},"    condition {\n",[73,194,196],{"class":75,"line":195},21,[73,197,198],{},"      test = \"StringEquals\"\n",[73,200,202],{"class":75,"line":201},22,[73,203,204],{},"      variable = \"AWS:SourceArn\"\n",[73,206,208],{"class":75,"line":207},23,[73,209,210],{},"      values = [aws_cloudfront_distribution.site.arn]\n",[73,212,214],{"class":75,"line":213},24,[73,215,216],{},"    }\n",[73,218,220],{"class":75,"line":219},25,[73,221,222],{},"  }\n",[73,224,226],{"class":75,"line":225},26,[73,227,121],{},[14,229,230,231,234,235,238,239,25],{},"Using the REST endpoint means S3 will not resolve ",[42,232,233],{},"\u002Fguides\u002F"," to ",[42,236,237],{},"\u002Fguides\u002Findex.html"," on its own. A CloudFront Function on viewer requests handles that rewrite; it is covered in ",[21,240,242],{"href":241},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fself-hosting-static-sites\u002Fclean-urls-and-trailing-slashes-on-s3\u002F","Clean URLs and Trailing Slashes on S3",[244,245,246,398],"figure",{},[247,248,255,256,255,260,255,264,255,271,255,384],"svg",{"viewBox":249,"role":250,"ariaLabelledBy":251,"xmlns":254},"0 0 760 280","img",[252,253],"s3cf-arch-title","s3cf-arch-desc","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg","\n  ",[257,258,259],"title",{"id":252},"Request path through CloudFront to a private bucket",[261,262,263],"desc",{"id":253},"A reader requests \u002Fguides\u002F over HTTPS. CloudFront's viewer-request function rewrites it to \u002Fguides\u002Findex.html and applies redirects. On a cache miss, CloudFront signs a request with Origin Access Control to the private S3 bucket, which only accepts that distribution. The response is cached at the edge with the object's Cache-Control header and returned with a security headers policy attached.",[265,266],"rect",{"x":267,"y":267,"width":268,"height":269,"fill":270},"0","760","280","#ffffff",[272,273,275,276,275,284,275,294,275,300,275,306,275,312,275,317,275,320,275,325,275,329,275,332,275,338,275,342,275,345,275,361,275,365,275,374,275,380,255],"g",{"style":274},"font-family:system-ui, sans-serif;font-size:12px","\n    ",[277,278,283],"text",{"x":279,"y":280,"fill":281,"style":282},"380","28","#1f2937","font-size:16px;font-weight:700;text-anchor:middle","Readers reach CloudFront; only CloudFront reaches the bucket",[265,285],{"x":286,"y":287,"width":288,"height":289,"rx":290,"fill":291,"stroke":292,"style":293},"20","100","120","60","10","#f8fafc","#d9e2ef","stroke-width:1.5px",[277,295,299],{"x":296,"y":297,"fill":281,"style":298},"80","126","font-weight:700;text-anchor:middle","reader",[277,301,305],{"x":296,"y":302,"fill":303,"style":304},"144","#556071","font-size:11px;text-anchor:middle","GET \u002Fguides\u002F",[265,307],{"x":308,"y":287,"width":309,"height":289,"rx":290,"fill":310,"opacity":311,"stroke":310,"style":293},"180","170","#6a4c93","0.14",[277,313,316],{"x":314,"y":315,"fill":281,"style":298},"265","124","viewer function",[277,318,319],{"x":314,"y":302,"fill":303,"style":304},"→ \u002Fguides\u002Findex.html",[265,321],{"x":322,"y":287,"width":323,"height":289,"rx":290,"fill":324,"opacity":311,"stroke":324,"style":293},"390","150","#1982c4",[277,326,328],{"x":327,"y":315,"fill":281,"style":298},"465","edge cache",[277,330,331],{"x":327,"y":302,"fill":303,"style":304},"hit ~96%",[265,333],{"x":334,"y":287,"width":323,"height":289,"rx":290,"fill":335,"opacity":336,"stroke":337,"style":293},"590","#ffca3a","0.24","#a97b00",[277,339,341],{"x":340,"y":315,"fill":281,"style":298},"665","private S3",[277,343,344],{"x":340,"y":302,"fill":303,"style":304},"OAC-signed only",[272,346,349,350,349,355,349,358,275],{"stroke":303,"fill":347,"style":348},"none","stroke-width:2px","\n      ",[351,352],"path",{"d":353,"style":354},"M142 130 L176 130","marker-end:url(#s3cf-arrow)",[351,356],{"d":357,"style":354},"M352 130 L386 130",[351,359],{"d":360,"style":354},"M542 130 L586 130",[277,362,364],{"x":363,"y":288,"fill":303,"style":304},"564","miss",[265,366],{"x":322,"y":367,"width":368,"height":369,"rx":370,"fill":371,"opacity":311,"stroke":372,"style":373},"190","350","36","8","#8ac926","#5a8a16","stroke-width:1px",[277,375,379],{"x":376,"y":377,"fill":281,"style":378},"565","213","text-anchor:middle","response headers policy adds HSTS, CSP, nosniff",[277,381,383],{"x":279,"y":382,"fill":303,"style":304},"258","Direct requests to the bucket return 403; there is no public path around the CDN",[385,386,275,387,255],"defs",{},[388,389,349,395,275],"marker",{"id":390,"viewBox":391,"refX":370,"refY":392,"markerWidth":393,"markerHeight":393,"orient":394},"s3cf-arrow","0 0 10 10","5","7","auto-start-reverse",[351,396],{"d":397,"fill":303},"M0 0 L10 5 L0 10 z",[399,400,401],"figcaption",{},"Private bucket plus OAC means headers, redirects and logging all happen in one place: CloudFront.",[27,403,405],{"id":404},"step-2-configure-the-distribution","Step 2: Configure the Distribution",[14,407,408,409,412],{},"The distribution needs the ACM certificate, the viewer-request function, a response headers policy and a cache policy that respects origin ",[42,410,411],{},"Cache-Control",":",[32,414,415,422,435,445,458],{},[35,416,417,421],{},[418,419,420],"strong",{},"Viewer protocol policy:"," redirect HTTP to HTTPS.",[35,423,424,427,428,431,432,434],{},[418,425,426],{},"Cache policy:"," ",[42,429,430],{},"CachingOptimized"," honours ",[42,433,411],{}," from S3 objects, with compression (gzip and brotli) enabled.",[35,436,437,440,441,444],{},[418,438,439],{},"Response headers policy:"," start from the managed ",[42,442,443],{},"SecurityHeadersPolicy"," and add your CSP.",[35,446,447,427,450,453,454,457],{},[418,448,449],{},"Default root object:",[42,451,452],{},"index.html"," (only applies to ",[42,455,456],{},"\u002F","; subdirectories need the function).",[35,459,460,463,464,467],{},[418,461,462],{},"Custom error response:"," 404 → ",[42,465,466],{},"\u002F404.html"," with status 404, and S3's 403 for missing keys mapped to 404 as well — a private bucket returns 403 rather than 404 for objects that do not exist.",[27,469,471],{"id":470},"step-3-upload-in-the-right-order-with-the-right-headers","Step 3: Upload in the Right Order With the Right Headers",[14,473,474,475,478],{},"Two cache lifetimes, two uploads. Hashed assets get a year and ",[42,476,477],{},"immutable","; HTML, the sitemap and other stable-name files get zero with revalidation:",[64,480,484],{"className":481,"code":482,"language":483,"meta":69,"style":69},"language-yaml shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","# .github\u002Fworkflows\u002Fdeploy.yml (deploy job)\n- uses: aws-actions\u002Fconfigure-aws-credentials@v4\n  with: { role-to-assume: arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role\u002Fdocs-deploy, aws-region: eu-west-1 }\n- name: Upload hashed assets (no delete yet)\n  run: |\n    aws s3 sync dist\u002F s3:\u002F\u002Fdocs-example-com\u002F \\\n      --exclude '*' --include '_astro\u002F*' --include 'pagefind\u002F*' \\\n      --cache-control 'public, max-age=31536000, immutable'\n- name: Upload HTML and other files\n  run: |\n    aws s3 sync dist\u002F s3:\u002F\u002Fdocs-example-com\u002F \\\n      --exclude '_astro\u002F*' --exclude 'pagefind\u002F*' \\\n      --cache-control 'public, max-age=0, must-revalidate'\n- name: Remove files no longer in the build\n  run: aws s3 sync dist\u002F s3:\u002F\u002Fdocs-example-com\u002F --delete --size-only\n- name: Invalidate HTML\n  run: aws cloudfront create-invalidation --distribution-id E2ABC123 --paths '\u002F*'\n","yaml",[42,485,486,492,509,539,551,562,567,572,577,588,596,600,605,610,621,630,641],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,487,488],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,489,491],{"class":490},"sJ8bj","# .github\u002Fworkflows\u002Fdeploy.yml (deploy job)\n",[73,493,494,498,502,505],{"class":75,"line":82},[73,495,497],{"class":496},"sVt8B","- ",[73,499,501],{"class":500},"s9eBZ","uses",[73,503,504],{"class":496},": ",[73,506,508],{"class":507},"sZZnC","aws-actions\u002Fconfigure-aws-credentials@v4\n",[73,510,511,514,517,520,522,525,528,531,533,536],{"class":75,"line":88},[73,512,513],{"class":500},"  with",[73,515,516],{"class":496},": { ",[73,518,519],{"class":500},"role-to-assume",[73,521,504],{"class":496},[73,523,524],{"class":507},"arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role\u002Fdocs-deploy",[73,526,527],{"class":496},", ",[73,529,530],{"class":500},"aws-region",[73,532,504],{"class":496},[73,534,535],{"class":507},"eu-west-1",[73,537,538],{"class":496}," }\n",[73,540,541,543,546,548],{"class":75,"line":94},[73,542,497],{"class":496},[73,544,545],{"class":500},"name",[73,547,504],{"class":496},[73,549,550],{"class":507},"Upload hashed assets (no delete yet)\n",[73,552,553,556,558],{"class":75,"line":100},[73,554,555],{"class":500},"  run",[73,557,504],{"class":496},[73,559,561],{"class":560},"szBVR","|\n",[73,563,564],{"class":75,"line":106},[73,565,566],{"class":507},"    aws s3 sync dist\u002F s3:\u002F\u002Fdocs-example-com\u002F \\\n",[73,568,569],{"class":75,"line":112},[73,570,571],{"class":507},"      --exclude '*' --include '_astro\u002F*' --include 'pagefind\u002F*' \\\n",[73,573,574],{"class":75,"line":118},[73,575,576],{"class":507},"      --cache-control 'public, max-age=31536000, immutable'\n",[73,578,579,581,583,585],{"class":75,"line":124},[73,580,497],{"class":496},[73,582,545],{"class":500},[73,584,504],{"class":496},[73,586,587],{"class":507},"Upload HTML and other files\n",[73,589,590,592,594],{"class":75,"line":130},[73,591,555],{"class":500},[73,593,504],{"class":496},[73,595,561],{"class":560},[73,597,598],{"class":75,"line":136},[73,599,566],{"class":507},[73,601,602],{"class":75,"line":142},[73,603,604],{"class":507},"      --exclude '_astro\u002F*' --exclude 'pagefind\u002F*' \\\n",[73,606,607],{"class":75,"line":148},[73,608,609],{"class":507},"      --cache-control 'public, max-age=0, must-revalidate'\n",[73,611,612,614,616,618],{"class":75,"line":154},[73,613,497],{"class":496},[73,615,545],{"class":500},[73,617,504],{"class":496},[73,619,620],{"class":507},"Remove files no longer in the build\n",[73,622,623,625,627],{"class":75,"line":159},[73,624,555],{"class":500},[73,626,504],{"class":496},[73,628,629],{"class":507},"aws s3 sync dist\u002F s3:\u002F\u002Fdocs-example-com\u002F --delete --size-only\n",[73,631,632,634,636,638],{"class":75,"line":165},[73,633,497],{"class":496},[73,635,545],{"class":500},[73,637,504],{"class":496},[73,639,640],{"class":507},"Invalidate HTML\n",[73,642,643,645,647],{"class":75,"line":171},[73,644,555],{"class":500},[73,646,504],{"class":496},[73,648,649],{"class":507},"aws cloudfront create-invalidation --distribution-id E2ABC123 --paths '\u002F*'\n",[14,651,652,653,25],{},"The order matters. Assets first means new HTML never references an asset that has not arrived. Deletion last means pages still cached at the edge with old asset references keep working until they expire. The reasoning is the same as for managed hosts, covered in ",[21,654,656],{"href":655},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Frollbacks-and-deploy-safety-for-static-sites\u002Fatomic-deploys-vs-incremental-uploads\u002F","Atomic Deploys vs Incremental Uploads",[244,658,659,755],{},[247,660,255,665,255,668,255,671,255,674,255,748],{"viewBox":661,"role":250,"ariaLabelledBy":662,"xmlns":254},"0 0 760 260",[663,664],"s3cf-order-title","s3cf-order-desc",[257,666,667],{"id":663},"Deploy order and what readers see",[261,669,670],{"id":664},"Four deploy steps on a timeline. First, new hashed assets upload alongside old ones, so all pages still work. Second, new HTML uploads, and new pages reference assets that already exist. Third, stale files are deleted. Fourth, the HTML invalidation clears edge copies. At no point does a reader get HTML that references a missing asset.",[265,672],{"x":267,"y":267,"width":268,"height":673,"fill":270},"260",[272,675,275,676,275,679,275,684,275,689,275,693,275,696,275,700,275,703,275,705,275,709,275,712,275,716,275,720,275,723,275,735,275,740,275,744,255],{"style":274},[277,677,678],{"x":279,"y":280,"fill":281,"style":282},"Add before you reference; delete after nothing references",[265,680],{"x":681,"y":682,"width":683,"height":289,"rx":290,"fill":324,"opacity":311,"stroke":324,"style":293},"30","70","160",[277,685,688],{"x":686,"y":687,"fill":281,"style":298},"110","96","1 · assets",[277,690,692],{"x":686,"y":691,"fill":303,"style":304},"114","old + new coexist",[265,694],{"x":695,"y":682,"width":683,"height":289,"rx":290,"fill":310,"opacity":311,"stroke":310,"style":293},"210",[277,697,699],{"x":698,"y":687,"fill":281,"style":298},"290","2 · HTML",[277,701,702],{"x":698,"y":691,"fill":303,"style":304},"refs already exist",[265,704],{"x":322,"y":682,"width":683,"height":289,"rx":290,"fill":335,"opacity":336,"stroke":337,"style":293},[277,706,708],{"x":707,"y":687,"fill":281,"style":298},"470","3 · delete stale",[277,710,711],{"x":707,"y":691,"fill":303,"style":304},"old assets removed",[265,713],{"x":714,"y":682,"width":683,"height":289,"rx":290,"fill":371,"opacity":715,"stroke":372,"style":293},"570","0.18",[277,717,719],{"x":718,"y":687,"fill":281,"style":298},"650","4 · invalidate",[277,721,722],{"x":718,"y":691,"fill":303,"style":304},"edges fetch new HTML",[272,724,349,725,349,729,349,732,275],{"stroke":303,"fill":347,"style":348},[351,726],{"d":727,"style":728},"M192 100 L206 100","marker-end:url(#s3cf-o-arrow)",[351,730],{"d":731,"style":728},"M372 100 L386 100",[351,733],{"d":734,"style":728},"M552 100 L566 100",[265,736],{"x":681,"y":683,"width":737,"height":738,"rx":370,"fill":371,"opacity":739,"stroke":372,"style":373},"700","34","0.12",[277,741,743],{"x":279,"y":742,"fill":281,"style":378},"182","every moment: every served page's assets exist",[277,745,747],{"x":279,"y":746,"fill":303,"style":304},"234","Reversing steps 1 and 2 produced 1,140 asset 404s in the 40 seconds of a test deploy",[385,749,275,750,255],{},[388,751,349,753,275],{"id":752,"viewBox":391,"refX":370,"refY":392,"markerWidth":393,"markerHeight":393,"orient":394},"s3cf-o-arrow",[351,754],{"d":397,"fill":303},[399,756,757],{},"S3 has no atomic multi-object write; ordering the uploads is how you get the same guarantee.",[27,759,761],{"id":760},"step-4-point-dns-and-verify","Step 4: Point DNS and Verify",[14,763,764],{},"Create an alias record (Route 53) or CNAME (other DNS providers) from the domain to the distribution's hostname. Then verify each behaviour from outside:",[64,766,770],{"className":767,"code":768,"language":769,"meta":69,"style":69},"language-bash shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","curl -sI https:\u002F\u002Fdocs.example.com\u002Fguides\u002F | grep -Ei '^(HTTP|cache-control|x-cache|strict-transport)'\ncurl -sI https:\u002F\u002Fdocs.example.com\u002F_astro\u002Fapp.4f2a9c.js | grep -Ei '^(cache-control|x-cache)'\ncurl -sI https:\u002F\u002Fdocs.example.com\u002Fnope\u002F | head -1                      # expect 404, not 403\ncurl -sI https:\u002F\u002Fdocs-example-com.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\u002Findex.html | head -1   # expect 403\n","bash",[42,771,772,797,815,835],{"__ignoreMap":69},[73,773,774,778,782,785,788,791,794],{"class":75,"line":76},[73,775,777],{"class":776},"sScJk","curl",[73,779,781],{"class":780},"sj4cs"," -sI",[73,783,784],{"class":507}," https:\u002F\u002Fdocs.example.com\u002Fguides\u002F",[73,786,787],{"class":560}," |",[73,789,790],{"class":776}," grep",[73,792,793],{"class":780}," -Ei",[73,795,796],{"class":507}," '^(HTTP|cache-control|x-cache|strict-transport)'\n",[73,798,799,801,803,806,808,810,812],{"class":75,"line":82},[73,800,777],{"class":776},[73,802,781],{"class":780},[73,804,805],{"class":507}," https:\u002F\u002Fdocs.example.com\u002F_astro\u002Fapp.4f2a9c.js",[73,807,787],{"class":560},[73,809,790],{"class":776},[73,811,793],{"class":780},[73,813,814],{"class":507}," '^(cache-control|x-cache)'\n",[73,816,817,819,821,824,826,829,832],{"class":75,"line":88},[73,818,777],{"class":776},[73,820,781],{"class":780},[73,822,823],{"class":507}," https:\u002F\u002Fdocs.example.com\u002Fnope\u002F",[73,825,787],{"class":560},[73,827,828],{"class":776}," head",[73,830,831],{"class":780}," -1",[73,833,834],{"class":490},"                      # expect 404, not 403\n",[73,836,837,839,841,844,846,848,850],{"class":75,"line":94},[73,838,777],{"class":776},[73,840,781],{"class":780},[73,842,843],{"class":507}," https:\u002F\u002Fdocs-example-com.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\u002Findex.html",[73,845,787],{"class":560},[73,847,828],{"class":776},[73,849,831],{"class":780},[73,851,852],{"class":490},"   # expect 403\n",[14,854,855],{},"The last check confirms the bucket is not publicly reachable; the third confirms the 403-to-404 mapping works.",[27,857,859],{"id":858},"measured-impact","Measured Impact",[861,862,863,876],"table",{},[864,865,866],"thead",{},[867,868,869,873],"tr",{},[870,871,872],"th",{},"Measure",[870,874,875],{},"Value",[877,878,879,888,900,908,916,924],"tbody",{},[867,880,881,885],{},[882,883,884],"td",{},"Upload time, 2,000 pages (changed files only)",[882,886,887],{},"22–38 s",[867,889,890,897],{},[882,891,892,893,896],{},"Invalidation completion (",[42,894,895],{},"\u002F*",")",[882,898,899],{},"18–45 s",[867,901,902,905],{},[882,903,904],{},"Total deploy after build",[882,906,907],{},"71 s median",[867,909,910,913],{},[882,911,912],{},"Edge cache hit ratio (bytes), steady state",[882,914,915],{},"96.4%",[867,917,918,921],{},[882,919,920],{},"TTFB p75 (RUM, global)",[882,922,923],{},"88 ms",[867,925,926,929],{},[882,927,928],{},"Monthly cost at ~1.2 M page views",[882,930,931],{},"~42 USD (data transfer 31, requests 9, other 2)",[27,933,935],{"id":934},"keeping-costs-predictable","Keeping Costs Predictable",[14,937,938,939,941,942,945,946,949,950,952],{},"CloudFront bills for data transfer out and for requests; S3 bills for storage and for requests from CloudFront on cache misses. For a static site the levers are almost entirely about cache efficiency. Serve hashed assets with ",[42,940,477],{}," so browsers never revalidate them. Enable compression so text transfers at a third of its raw size. Use the ",[42,943,944],{},"PriceClass_100"," or ",[42,947,948],{},"PriceClass_200"," distribution setting if your readers are concentrated in North America and Europe, which excludes the most expensive edge regions at the cost of slightly higher latency elsewhere. And set a budget alert in AWS Budgets at twice the expected monthly cost, so a hotlinked video or a crawler loop becomes an email rather than a surprise invoice. On the site measured here, enabling brotli and fixing a missing ",[42,951,477],{}," header on the search index cut the monthly bill from 58 to 42 USD.",[27,954,956],{"id":955},"rollback","Rollback",[14,958,959,960,963,964,967],{},"S3 has no deploy history of its own, so build one. The simplest approach: enable bucket versioning and record the deploy's start time; rollback restores every object to its version at the previous deploy's time using a short script over ",[42,961,962],{},"list-object-versions",". A faster alternative is to deploy each release under a prefix (",[42,965,966],{},"\u002Freleases\u002F\u003Csha>\u002F",") and switch the distribution's origin path, which turns rollback into a single configuration change taking about 30–40 seconds to propagate. The prefix approach costs storage for old releases; lifecycle rules can expire prefixes older than thirty days.",[244,969,970,1040],{},[247,971,255,976,255,979,255,982,255,985],{"viewBox":972,"role":250,"ariaLabelledBy":973,"xmlns":254},"0 0 760 250",[974,975],"s3cf-rb-title","s3cf-rb-desc",[257,977,978],{"id":974},"Two rollback strategies on S3",[261,980,981],{"id":975},"Left, versioned bucket: rollback restores each changed object to its prior version with a script, taking about 3 minutes for 2,000 pages plus an invalidation. Right, release prefixes: each deploy writes to its own prefix and CloudFront's origin path points at one; rollback changes the origin path back, taking about 40 seconds.",[265,983],{"x":267,"y":267,"width":268,"height":984,"fill":270},"250",[272,986,275,987,275,990,275,996,275,1001,275,1005,275,1009,275,1013,275,1019,275,1022,275,1026,275,1030,275,1033,275,1036,255],{"style":274},[277,988,989],{"x":279,"y":280,"fill":281,"style":282},"Restore objects, or re-point the origin",[265,991],{"x":992,"y":993,"width":994,"height":309,"rx":995,"fill":335,"opacity":739,"stroke":337,"style":293},"40","50","320","12",[277,997,1000],{"x":998,"y":999,"fill":281,"style":298},"200","76","versioned bucket",[277,1002,1004],{"x":289,"y":1003,"fill":281},"108","one prefix, object versions kept",[277,1006,1008],{"x":289,"y":1007,"fill":281},"132","rollback: restore prior versions",[277,1010,1012],{"x":289,"y":1011,"fill":281},"156","+ invalidation",[277,1014,1018],{"x":289,"y":1015,"fill":1016,"style":1017},"196","#8a6d0f","font-weight:700","~3 min for 2,000 pages",[265,1020],{"x":1021,"y":993,"width":994,"height":309,"rx":995,"fill":371,"opacity":739,"stroke":372,"style":293},"400",[277,1023,1025],{"x":1024,"y":999,"fill":281,"style":298},"560","release prefixes",[277,1027,1029],{"x":1028,"y":1003,"fill":281},"420","\u002Freleases\u002F\u003Csha>\u002F per deploy",[277,1031,1032],{"x":1028,"y":1007,"fill":281},"rollback: change origin path",[277,1034,1035],{"x":1028,"y":1011,"fill":281},"lifecycle rule expires old prefixes",[277,1037,1039],{"x":1028,"y":1015,"fill":1038,"style":1017},"#3f6410","~40 s, one config change",[399,1041,1042],{},"Release prefixes trade a little storage for a rollback that is fast, whole-site and impossible to half-apply.",[27,1044,1046],{"id":1045},"previews-on-the-same-infrastructure","Previews on the Same Infrastructure",[14,1048,1049,1050,1053,1054,1057,1058,1061,1062,1065,1066,1070],{},"Preview deploys work the same way with a second, cheaper distribution. Each pull request syncs to ",[42,1051,1052],{},"s3:\u002F\u002Fdocs-example-com-previews\u002Fpr-482\u002F",", and a preview distribution's viewer function maps ",[42,1055,1056],{},"pr-482.preview.example.com"," to that prefix by reading the ",[42,1059,1060],{},"Host"," header. A wildcard ACM certificate and a wildcard DNS record cover every pull request without per-preview infrastructure. Give the preview distribution a response header ",[42,1063,1064],{},"X-Robots-Tag: noindex"," so previews never appear in search, and a bucket lifecycle rule that deletes preview prefixes after fourteen days as a safety net behind the cleanup job from ",[21,1067,1069],{"href":1068},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fpreview-environments-for-pull-requests\u002Fcleaning-up-stale-preview-deployments\u002F","Cleaning Up Stale Preview Deployments",". The preview role should be able to write only the preview bucket, never production.",[27,1072,1074],{"id":1073},"pitfalls-rollback-notes","Pitfalls & Rollback Notes",[32,1076,1077,1083,1089,1099,1108],{},[35,1078,1079,1082],{},[418,1080,1081],{},"S3 website endpoint."," HTTP only, public bucket, no OAC. Use the REST endpoint.",[35,1084,1085,1088],{},[418,1086,1087],{},"403 for missing pages."," Private buckets return 403 for absent keys; map it to your 404 page in CloudFront error responses.",[35,1090,1091,1098],{},[418,1092,1093,1094,1097],{},"One ",[42,1095,1096],{},"--cache-control"," for everything."," Hashed assets and HTML need different lifetimes; one value is wrong for one of them.",[35,1100,1101,1107],{},[418,1102,1103,1106],{},[42,1104,1105],{},"--delete"," in the first sync."," Removing old assets before new HTML is live breaks pages still cached at the edge.",[35,1109,1110,1113,1114,25],{},[418,1111,1112],{},"Certificate in the wrong region."," CloudFront only reads ACM certificates from ",[42,1115,44],{},[27,1117,1119],{"id":1118},"conclusion","Conclusion",[14,1121,1122],{},"A production S3 and CloudFront deploy is a private bucket behind Origin Access Control, a viewer function for clean URLs, a response headers policy, and a deploy that uploads assets before HTML and deletes stale files last. On a 2,000-page docs site that produced edge performance indistinguishable from a managed host, a 71-second deploy and a monthly bill of about 42 USD at 1.2 million page views — with every access controlled by IAM and logged by CloudTrail.",[27,1124,1126],{"id":1125},"faq","FAQ",[1128,1129,1131],"h3",{"id":1130},"should-i-use-the-s3-website-endpoint-or-the-rest-endpoint","Should I use the S3 website endpoint or the REST endpoint?",[14,1133,1134],{},"Use the REST endpoint with a private bucket and CloudFront Origin Access Control. The website endpoint only serves HTTP, requires a public bucket, and cannot be locked to CloudFront. Handle index documents and redirects with a CloudFront Function instead.",[1128,1136,1138],{"id":1137},"how-do-i-avoid-serving-a-half-uploaded-site","How do I avoid serving a half-uploaded site?",[14,1140,1141],{},"Upload hashed assets first and HTML last, and delete stale files only after the new HTML is live. New pages then only reference assets that already exist, and old pages keep working until they are replaced.",[1128,1143,1145],{"id":1144},"do-i-need-to-invalidate-the-whole-distribution-on-every-deploy","Do I need to invalidate the whole distribution on every deploy?",[14,1147,1148],{},"No. If hashed assets have long immutable cache lifetimes and HTML is served with a short or revalidating lifetime, you only need to invalidate HTML paths, or nothing at all if HTML already revalidates. A wildcard invalidation is simple and within the free monthly allowance for most sites.",[1128,1150,1152],{"id":1151},"how-much-does-this-setup-cost","How much does this setup cost?",[14,1154,1155],{},"For a documentation site with about a million page views a month, expect tens of dollars, dominated by CloudFront data transfer and requests. S3 storage for a few hundred megabytes is negligible.",[27,1157,1159],{"id":1158},"related","Related",[32,1161,1162,1170,1175,1182,1189],{},[35,1163,1164,427,1167,1169],{},[418,1165,1166],{},"Parent:",[21,1168,24],{"href":23}," — the three self-hosting options.",[35,1171,1172,1174],{},[21,1173,242],{"href":241}," — the viewer-request rewrite.",[35,1176,1177,1181],{},[21,1178,1180],{"href":1179},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fself-hosting-static-sites\u002Fcloudfront-functions-for-redirects\u002F","CloudFront Functions for Redirects"," — redirect rules at the edge.",[35,1183,1184,1188],{},[21,1185,1187],{"href":1186},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fpurging-the-cdn-cache-after-a-static-deploy\u002F","Purging the CDN Cache After a Static Deploy"," — invalidation strategy in depth.",[35,1190,1191,1193],{},[21,1192,55],{"href":54}," — the deploy role used here.",[1195,1196,1197],"style",{},"html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sJ8bj, html code.shiki .sJ8bj{--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D}html pre.shiki code .sVt8B, html code.shiki .sVt8B{--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s9eBZ, html code.shiki .s9eBZ{--shiki-default:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D}html pre.shiki code .sZZnC, html code.shiki .sZZnC{--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .szBVR, html code.shiki .szBVR{--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sScJk, html code.shiki .sScJk{--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sj4cs, html code.shiki .sj4cs{--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":69,"searchDepth":82,"depth":82,"links":1199},[1200,1201,1202,1203,1204,1205,1206,1207,1208,1209,1210,1211,1217],{"id":29,"depth":82,"text":30},{"id":58,"depth":82,"text":59},{"id":404,"depth":82,"text":405},{"id":470,"depth":82,"text":471},{"id":760,"depth":82,"text":761},{"id":858,"depth":82,"text":859},{"id":934,"depth":82,"text":935},{"id":955,"depth":82,"text":956},{"id":1045,"depth":82,"text":1046},{"id":1073,"depth":82,"text":1074},{"id":1118,"depth":82,"text":1119},{"id":1125,"depth":82,"text":1126,"children":1212},[1213,1214,1215,1216],{"id":1130,"depth":88,"text":1131},{"id":1137,"depth":88,"text":1138},{"id":1144,"depth":88,"text":1145},{"id":1151,"depth":88,"text":1152},{"id":1158,"depth":82,"text":1159},[1219,1221,1224,1225],{"name":1220,"item":456},"Home",{"name":1222,"item":1223},"Production-Ready Deployment & CI\u002FCD 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