[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2443},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page:\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Ffixing-hydration-mismatch-errors-in-astro-islands":3,"all-docs-nav":1293,"filed:\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Ffixing-hydration-mismatch-errors-in-astro-islands":2434},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"breadcrumb":1269,"dateModified":1278,"datePublished":1278,"description":1279,"extension":1280,"faq":1281,"meta":1286,"navigation":1287,"path":1288,"seo":1289,"slug":12,"stem":1290,"type":1291,"__hash__":1292},"content\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Ffixing-hydration-mismatch-errors-in-astro-islands\u002Findex.md","Fixing Hydration Mismatch Errors in Astro Islands",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1249},"minimark",[9,13,17,26,31,34,237,244,366,370,381,395,553,556,560,583,587,602,691,702,807,811,843,847,850,854,870,1005,1009,1016,1020,1115,1118,1122,1161,1165,1171,1175,1180,1183,1187,1190,1194,1197,1201,1204,1208,1245],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"fixing-hydration-mismatch-errors-in-astro-islands",[14,15,16],"p",{},"Astro islands render twice: once at build time, producing static HTML, and again in the browser when the island hydrates. If the two renders disagree, React logs \"Hydration failed because the server rendered HTML didn't match the client\" (or \"Text content does not match\"), Preact and Vue log their own versions, and React 18+ throws away the server HTML for that island and renders it from scratch. The reader sees the content flash, the layout may shift, and the main thread does the rendering work twice. On a static site the problem is sharper than on a server-rendered one, because the \"server\" render happened at build time, possibly days earlier, on a machine with a different clock, time zone and locale.",[14,18,19,20,25],{},"This guide fixes the hydration mismatches on an Astro 5 marketing and docs site with 14 React and Preact islands, where the console showed mismatch errors on 9 of them. It shows how to find the differing output, the five causes found, and a test that fails on any new mismatch. It belongs to ",[21,22,24],"a",{"href":23},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002F","JavaScript Hydration & Partial Rendering",".",[27,28,30],"h2",{"id":29},"step-1-find-which-islands-mismatch","Step 1: Find Which Islands Mismatch",[14,32,33],{},"React 19 reports mismatches with a diff of the server and client output, which makes most cases quick to read. To find them across the site, a Playwright script visits a sample of pages and collects console errors that mention hydration:",[35,36,41],"pre",{"className":37,"code":38,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"language-js shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","const errors = [];\npage.on('console', (m) => { if (m.type() === 'error' && \u002Fhydrat\u002Fi.test(m.text())) errors.push(`${page.url()}: ${m.text().slice(0, 200)}`); });\nfor (const url of samplePages) { await page.goto(url, { waitUntil: 'networkidle' }); }\n","js","",[42,43,44,64,199],"code",{"__ignoreMap":40},[45,46,49,53,57,60],"span",{"class":47,"line":48},"line",1,[45,50,52],{"class":51},"szBVR","const",[45,54,56],{"class":55},"sj4cs"," errors",[45,58,59],{"class":51}," =",[45,61,63],{"class":62},"sVt8B"," [];\n",[45,65,67,70,74,77,81,84,88,91,94,97,100,103,106,109,112,115,118,121,125,128,131,133,136,139,142,145,148,150,153,156,158,161,164,167,169,171,173,176,179,181,184,187,190,193,196],{"class":47,"line":66},2,[45,68,69],{"class":62},"page.",[45,71,73],{"class":72},"sScJk","on",[45,75,76],{"class":62},"(",[45,78,80],{"class":79},"sZZnC","'console'",[45,82,83],{"class":62},", (",[45,85,87],{"class":86},"s4XuR","m",[45,89,90],{"class":62},") ",[45,92,93],{"class":51},"=>",[45,95,96],{"class":62}," { ",[45,98,99],{"class":51},"if",[45,101,102],{"class":62}," (m.",[45,104,105],{"class":72},"type",[45,107,108],{"class":62},"() ",[45,110,111],{"class":51},"===",[45,113,114],{"class":79}," 'error'",[45,116,117],{"class":51}," &&",[45,119,120],{"class":79}," \u002F",[45,122,124],{"class":123},"sA_wV","hydrat",[45,126,127],{"class":79},"\u002F",[45,129,130],{"class":51},"i",[45,132,25],{"class":62},[45,134,135],{"class":72},"test",[45,137,138],{"class":62},"(m.",[45,140,141],{"class":72},"text",[45,143,144],{"class":62},"())) errors.",[45,146,147],{"class":72},"push",[45,149,76],{"class":62},[45,151,152],{"class":79},"`${",[45,154,155],{"class":62},"page",[45,157,25],{"class":79},[45,159,160],{"class":72},"url",[45,162,163],{"class":79},"()",[45,165,166],{"class":79},"}: ${",[45,168,87],{"class":62},[45,170,25],{"class":79},[45,172,141],{"class":72},[45,174,175],{"class":79},"().",[45,177,178],{"class":72},"slice",[45,180,76],{"class":79},[45,182,183],{"class":55},"0",[45,185,186],{"class":79},", ",[45,188,189],{"class":55},"200",[45,191,192],{"class":79},")",[45,194,195],{"class":79},"}`",[45,197,198],{"class":62},"); });\n",[45,200,202,205,208,210,213,216,219,222,225,228,231,234],{"class":47,"line":201},3,[45,203,204],{"class":51},"for",[45,206,207],{"class":62}," (",[45,209,52],{"class":51},[45,211,212],{"class":55}," url",[45,214,215],{"class":51}," of",[45,217,218],{"class":62}," samplePages) { ",[45,220,221],{"class":51},"await",[45,223,224],{"class":62}," page.",[45,226,227],{"class":72},"goto",[45,229,230],{"class":62},"(url, { waitUntil: ",[45,232,233],{"class":79},"'networkidle'",[45,235,236],{"class":62}," }); }\n",[14,238,239,240,243],{},"Run in a browser context with a different time zone and locale from the build machine — ",[42,241,242],{},"timezoneId: 'Pacific\u002FAuckland', locale: 'de-DE'"," — because many mismatches only appear when they differ, which is the normal case for real readers.",[245,246,247,362],"figure",{},[248,249,256,257,256,261,256,265,256,271],"svg",{"viewBox":250,"role":251,"ariaLabelledBy":252,"xmlns":255},"0 0 760 244","img",[253,254],"hydmm-causes-title","hydmm-causes-desc","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg","\n  ",[258,259,260],"title",{"id":253},"Number of islands with hydration mismatches by cause",[262,263,264],"desc",{"id":254},"Horizontal bars. Dates and relative times formatted differently at build and view time 3 islands. Random IDs or values generated during render 2. Reading window or localStorage during render 2. Invalid HTML nesting repaired by the browser 1. Data that changed between build and view 1.",[266,267],"rect",{"x":183,"y":183,"width":268,"height":269,"fill":270},"760","244","#ffffff",[272,273,275,276,275,287,275,291,275,297,275,301,275,306,275,312,275,319,275,324,275,330,275,334,275,339,275,343,275,346,275,350,275,355,275,359,256],"g",{"style":274},"font-family:system-ui, sans-serif;font-size:12px","\n    ",[266,277],{"x":278,"y":279,"width":280,"height":281,"rx":282,"fill":283,"opacity":284,"stroke":285,"style":286},"240.0","65.0","475.6","20.0","3","#ff595e","0.3","#d83b41","stroke-width:1px",[266,288],{"x":278,"y":289,"width":290,"height":281,"rx":282,"fill":283,"opacity":284,"stroke":285,"style":286},"99.0","317.1",[266,292],{"x":278,"y":293,"width":290,"height":281,"rx":282,"fill":294,"opacity":295,"stroke":296,"style":286},"133.0","#ffca3a","0.45","#a97b00",[266,298],{"x":278,"y":299,"width":300,"height":281,"rx":282,"fill":294,"opacity":295,"stroke":296,"style":286},"167.0","158.5",[266,302],{"x":278,"y":303,"width":300,"height":281,"rx":282,"fill":304,"stroke":305,"style":286},"201.0","#d9e2ef","#556071",[307,308],"path",{"d":309,"fill":310,"stroke":305,"style":311},"M240.0 60.0 L240.0 226.0","none","stroke-width:1.5px",[141,313,318],{"x":314,"y":315,"fill":316,"style":317},"380.0","30.0","#1f2937","font-size:16px;text-anchor:middle;font-weight:700","Mismatches by cause",[141,320,323],{"x":281,"y":321,"fill":316,"style":322},"79.2","font-size:12px;text-anchor:start","Dates and relative times",[141,325,282],{"x":326,"y":327,"fill":328,"style":329},"723.6","79.5","#b32b30","font-size:12px;text-anchor:start;font-weight:700",[141,331,333],{"x":281,"y":332,"fill":316,"style":322},"113.2","Random values in render",[141,335,338],{"x":336,"y":337,"fill":328,"style":329},"565.1","113.5","2",[141,340,342],{"x":281,"y":341,"fill":316,"style":322},"147.2","Browser APIs in render",[141,344,338],{"x":336,"y":345,"fill":316,"style":329},"147.5",[141,347,349],{"x":281,"y":348,"fill":316,"style":322},"181.2","Invalid HTML nesting",[141,351,354],{"x":352,"y":353,"fill":316,"style":329},"406.5","181.5","1",[141,356,358],{"x":281,"y":357,"fill":316,"style":322},"215.2","Data changed since build",[141,360,354],{"x":352,"y":361,"fill":316,"style":329},"215.5",[363,364,365],"figcaption",{},"9 of 14 islands mismatched; found with a Playwright run in a different time zone and locale from CI.",[27,367,369],{"id":368},"cause-1-dates-rendered-in-two-time-zones","Cause 1: Dates Rendered in Two Time Zones",[14,371,372,373,376,377,380],{},"A changelog island formatted release dates with ",[42,374,375],{},"toLocaleDateString()"," and showed \"3 days ago\" with a relative-time helper. At build time in CI (UTC, ",[42,378,379],{},"en-US",") it rendered \"Sep 29, 2026 · 3 days ago\"; in a German reader's browser two days later it rendered \"29.9.2026 · vor 5 Tagen\". Two fixes:",[382,383,384,392],"ul",{},[385,386,387,388,391],"li",{},"Absolute dates use an explicit locale and time zone on both sides: ",[42,389,390],{},"new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en-US', { dateStyle: 'medium', timeZone: 'UTC' })",". The site's content is English, so a fixed locale is correct.",[385,393,394],{},"Relative times render as the absolute date during hydration and switch to relative text in an effect after hydration:",[35,396,400],{"className":397,"code":398,"language":399,"meta":40,"style":40},"language-tsx shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","function Released({ iso }: { iso: string }) {\n  const [rel, setRel] = useState\u003Cstring | null>(null);\n  useEffect(() => setRel(relativeTime(iso)), [iso]);\n  return \u003Ctime dateTime={iso}>{rel ?? fmt.format(new Date(iso))}\u003C\u002Ftime>;\n}\n","tsx",[42,401,402,434,480,501,547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[45,403,404,407,410,413,416,419,422,424,426,428,431],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,405,406],{"class":51},"function",[45,408,409],{"class":72}," Released",[45,411,412],{"class":62},"({ ",[45,414,415],{"class":86},"iso",[45,417,418],{"class":62}," }",[45,420,421],{"class":51},":",[45,423,96],{"class":62},[45,425,415],{"class":86},[45,427,421],{"class":51},[45,429,430],{"class":55}," string",[45,432,433],{"class":62}," }) {\n",[45,435,436,439,442,445,447,450,453,456,459,462,465,468,471,474,477],{"class":47,"line":66},[45,437,438],{"class":51},"  const",[45,440,441],{"class":62}," [",[45,443,444],{"class":55},"rel",[45,446,186],{"class":62},[45,448,449],{"class":55},"setRel",[45,451,452],{"class":62},"] ",[45,454,455],{"class":51},"=",[45,457,458],{"class":72}," useState",[45,460,461],{"class":62},"\u003C",[45,463,464],{"class":55},"string",[45,466,467],{"class":51}," |",[45,469,470],{"class":55}," null",[45,472,473],{"class":62},">(",[45,475,476],{"class":55},"null",[45,478,479],{"class":62},");\n",[45,481,482,485,488,490,493,495,498],{"class":47,"line":201},[45,483,484],{"class":72},"  useEffect",[45,486,487],{"class":62},"(() ",[45,489,93],{"class":51},[45,491,492],{"class":72}," setRel",[45,494,76],{"class":62},[45,496,497],{"class":72},"relativeTime",[45,499,500],{"class":62},"(iso)), [iso]);\n",[45,502,504,507,510,514,517,519,522,525,528,531,533,536,539,542,544],{"class":47,"line":503},4,[45,505,506],{"class":51},"  return",[45,508,509],{"class":62}," \u003C",[45,511,513],{"class":512},"s9eBZ","time",[45,515,516],{"class":72}," dateTime",[45,518,455],{"class":51},[45,520,521],{"class":62},"{iso}>{rel ",[45,523,524],{"class":51},"??",[45,526,527],{"class":62}," fmt.",[45,529,530],{"class":72},"format",[45,532,76],{"class":62},[45,534,535],{"class":51},"new",[45,537,538],{"class":72}," Date",[45,540,541],{"class":62},"(iso))}\u003C\u002F",[45,543,513],{"class":512},[45,545,546],{"class":62},">;\n",[45,548,550],{"class":47,"line":549},5,[45,551,552],{"class":62},"}\n",[14,554,555],{},"The server and first client render now agree; the relative text appears a moment later without a mismatch.",[27,557,559],{"id":558},"cause-2-random-values-during-render","Cause 2: Random Values During Render",[14,561,562,563,566,567,570,571,574,575,578,579,582],{},"Two islands generated IDs with ",[42,564,565],{},"Math.random()"," for ",[42,568,569],{},"aria-labelledby"," pairs. Each render produced different IDs. React's ",[42,572,573],{},"useId()"," produces IDs that match between server and client; Preact has ",[42,576,577],{},"useId"," from ",[42,580,581],{},"preact\u002Fhooks"," with the same guarantee. Replacing the random IDs fixed both.",[27,584,586],{"id":585},"cause-3-browser-apis-read-during-render","Cause 3: Browser APIs Read During Render",[14,588,589,590,593,594,597,598,601],{},"A pricing table read ",[42,591,592],{},"localStorage.getItem('currency')"," during render to choose euros or dollars, guarded by ",[42,595,596],{},"typeof window !== 'undefined'",". At build time the guard skipped it and rendered dollars; in the browser it rendered euros for European readers — a mismatch on every price. A theme-aware illustration read ",[42,599,600],{},"matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)')"," the same way. Both moved the browser read into an effect, rendering the default first:",[35,603,605],{"className":397,"code":604,"language":399,"meta":40,"style":40},"const [currency, setCurrency] = useState\u003C'USD' | 'EUR'>('USD');\nuseEffect(() => { const c = localStorage.getItem('currency'); if (c === 'EUR') setCurrency(c); }, []);\n",[42,606,607,643],{"__ignoreMap":40},[45,608,609,611,613,616,618,621,623,625,627,629,632,634,637,639,641],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,610,52],{"class":51},[45,612,441],{"class":62},[45,614,615],{"class":55},"currency",[45,617,186],{"class":62},[45,619,620],{"class":55},"setCurrency",[45,622,452],{"class":62},[45,624,455],{"class":51},[45,626,458],{"class":72},[45,628,461],{"class":62},[45,630,631],{"class":79},"'USD'",[45,633,467],{"class":51},[45,635,636],{"class":79}," 'EUR'",[45,638,473],{"class":62},[45,640,631],{"class":79},[45,642,479],{"class":62},[45,644,645,648,650,652,654,656,659,661,664,667,669,672,675,677,680,682,684,686,688],{"class":47,"line":66},[45,646,647],{"class":72},"useEffect",[45,649,487],{"class":62},[45,651,93],{"class":51},[45,653,96],{"class":62},[45,655,52],{"class":51},[45,657,658],{"class":55}," c",[45,660,59],{"class":51},[45,662,663],{"class":62}," localStorage.",[45,665,666],{"class":72},"getItem",[45,668,76],{"class":62},[45,670,671],{"class":79},"'currency'",[45,673,674],{"class":62},"); ",[45,676,99],{"class":51},[45,678,679],{"class":62}," (c ",[45,681,111],{"class":51},[45,683,636],{"class":79},[45,685,90],{"class":62},[45,687,620],{"class":72},[45,689,690],{"class":62},"(c); }, []);\n",[14,692,693,694,697,698,701],{},"For the price table, the visible switch from dollars to euros after hydration was itself a small layout shift; reserving the width of the price column with ",[42,695,696],{},"min-width"," in ",[42,699,700],{},"ch"," units kept it stable.",[245,703,704,804],{},[248,705,256,710,256,713,256,716,256,719],{"viewBox":706,"role":251,"ariaLabelledBy":707,"xmlns":255},"0 0 760 245",[708,709],"hydmm-pattern-title","hydmm-pattern-desc",[258,711,712],{"id":708},"Rendering a browser-dependent value during render compared with after hydration",[262,714,715],{"id":709},"Two panels. Reading localStorage during render produced dollars at build time and euros in the browser, a mismatch on every price, so React discarded the server HTML. Rendering the default during render and reading localStorage in an effect produced dollars in both renders, then switched to euros after hydration with no mismatch.",[266,717],{"x":183,"y":183,"width":268,"height":718,"fill":270},"245",[272,720,275,721,275,728,275,734,275,737,275,740,275,743,275,749,275,752,275,754,275,756,275,759,275,765,275,771,275,775,275,779,275,783,275,787,275,792,275,795,275,798,275,801,256],{"style":274},[266,722],{"x":281,"y":723,"width":724,"height":725,"rx":726,"fill":283,"opacity":727,"stroke":285,"style":311},"58.0","350.0","171.0","10","0.12",[729,730],"circle",{"cx":731,"cy":732,"r":733,"fill":283,"stroke":285,"style":311},"40.0","103.0","2.5",[729,735],{"cx":731,"cy":736,"r":733,"fill":283,"stroke":285,"style":311},"125.0",[729,738],{"cx":731,"cy":739,"r":733,"fill":283,"stroke":285,"style":311},"146.9",[729,741],{"cx":731,"cy":742,"r":733,"fill":283,"stroke":285,"style":311},"168.9",[266,744],{"x":745,"y":723,"width":724,"height":725,"rx":726,"fill":746,"opacity":747,"stroke":748,"style":311},"390.0","#8ac926","0.2","#5a8a16",[729,750],{"cx":751,"cy":732,"r":733,"fill":746,"stroke":748,"style":311},"410.0",[729,753],{"cx":751,"cy":736,"r":733,"fill":746,"stroke":748,"style":311},[729,755],{"cx":751,"cy":739,"r":733,"fill":746,"stroke":748,"style":311},[141,757,758],{"x":314,"y":315,"fill":316,"style":317},"Rendering browser-dependent values safely",[141,760,764],{"x":761,"y":762,"fill":328,"style":763},"34.0","83.5","font-size:13.5px;text-anchor:start;font-weight:700","Read during render",[141,766,770],{"x":767,"y":768,"fill":316,"style":769},"50.0","107.0","font-size:11.5px;text-anchor:start","build: USD",[141,772,774],{"x":767,"y":773,"fill":316,"style":769},"129.0","browser: EUR",[141,776,778],{"x":767,"y":777,"fill":316,"style":769},"150.9","mismatch",[141,780,782],{"x":767,"y":781,"fill":316,"style":769},"172.9","island re-rendered",[141,784,786],{"x":761,"y":785,"fill":316,"style":329},"215.0","flash + wasted work",[141,788,791],{"x":789,"y":762,"fill":790,"style":763},"404.0","#3f6410","Read in an effect",[141,793,770],{"x":794,"y":768,"fill":316,"style":769},"420.0",[141,796,797],{"x":794,"y":773,"fill":316,"style":769},"first client render: USD",[141,799,800],{"x":794,"y":777,"fill":316,"style":769},"effect: switch to EUR",[141,802,803],{"x":789,"y":785,"fill":316,"style":329},"no mismatch",[363,805,806],{},"The rule: render the same thing in both places, then update in an effect.",[27,808,810],{"id":809},"cause-4-invalid-html-nesting","Cause 4: Invalid HTML Nesting",[14,812,813,814,817,818,821,822,825,826,828,829,831,832,834,835,837,838,842],{},"A card component rendered ",[42,815,816],{},"\u003Cp>{children}\u003C\u002Fp>"," and was used with a child that contained a ",[42,819,820],{},"\u003Cdiv>",". The browser's parser closed the ",[42,823,824],{},"\u003Cp>"," before the ",[42,827,820],{},", so the DOM had a different structure from what React expected. React reported \"In HTML, ",[42,830,820],{}," cannot be a descendant of ",[42,833,824],{},"\". Changing the wrapper to a ",[42,836,820],{}," fixed it. The site's HTML validation step (",[21,839,841],{"href":840},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Ftesting-static-sites-in-ci\u002Fvalidating-html-output-in-ci\u002F","Validating HTML Output in CI",") now flags invalid nesting in island markup, so these appear as build failures rather than runtime errors.",[27,844,846],{"id":845},"cause-5-data-that-changed-after-the-build","Cause 5: Data That Changed After the Build",[14,848,849],{},"A \"GitHub stars\" island received the star count as a prop at build time and fetched the live count on hydration, rendering it immediately. The values differed by the stars gained since the build. Rendering the build-time value first and updating after a fetch in an effect removed the mismatch. In general, any island that refreshes data must render the build-time data on its first client render.",[27,851,853],{"id":852},"why-not-clientonly","Why Not client:only?",[14,855,856,857,860,861,864,865,869],{},"Each of these could have been \"fixed\" by switching the island to ",[42,858,859],{},"client:only=\"react\"",", which skips the build-time render. That would have hidden three islands' content from the static HTML — including the pricing table, which was the LCP element on the pricing page — and turned each into an empty box until its JavaScript ran. The site uses ",[42,862,863],{},"client:only"," for exactly one island, an interactive map that cannot render without the browser, with its space reserved by an aspect-ratio container. ",[21,866,868],{"href":867},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fdeferring-hydration-with-client-visible-in-astro\u002F","Deferring Hydration with client:visible in Astro"," covers choosing directives.",[245,871,872,1002],{},[248,873,256,878,256,881,256,884,256,887,256,987],{"viewBox":874,"role":251,"ariaLabelledBy":875,"xmlns":255},"0 0 760 246",[876,877],"hydmm-tree-title","hydmm-tree-desc",[258,879,880],{"id":876},"Decision tree for fixing an island hydration mismatch",[262,882,883],{"id":877},"The root asks what differs between the server and client render. If it is a date or time, format with explicit locale and time zone, and show relative times after hydration. If it is a random ID, use useId. If it comes from window, localStorage or matchMedia, render the default and read it in an effect. If the HTML structure differs, fix the invalid nesting. If the data is fresher on the client, render build-time data first and update in an effect.",[266,885],{"x":183,"y":183,"width":268,"height":886,"fill":270},"246",[272,888,275,889,275,897,275,901,275,904,275,908,275,914,275,917,275,920,275,923,275,927,275,930,275,933,275,936,275,941,275,948,275,952,275,957,275,961,275,963,275,966,275,971,275,974,275,977,275,981,275,984,256],{"style":274},[266,890],{"x":891,"y":892,"width":893,"height":767,"rx":894,"fill":895,"opacity":896,"stroke":895,"style":311},"213.2","60.0","333.5","8","#6a4c93","0.14",[307,898],{"d":899,"fill":310,"stroke":305,"style":900},"M380.0 111.0 L380.0 132.0","stroke-width:2px",[307,902],{"d":903,"fill":310,"stroke":305,"style":900},"M103.2 132.0 L656.8 132.0",[307,905],{"d":906,"fill":310,"stroke":305,"style":907},"M103.2 132.0 L103.2 150.0","stroke-width:2px;marker-end:url(#hydmm-tree-arrow)",[266,909],{"x":281,"y":910,"width":911,"height":912,"rx":894,"fill":913,"opacity":896,"stroke":913,"style":311},"154.0","166.5","75.5","#1982c4",[307,915],{"d":916,"fill":310,"stroke":305,"style":907},"M287.8 132.0 L287.8 150.0",[266,918],{"x":919,"y":910,"width":911,"height":912,"rx":894,"fill":895,"opacity":896,"stroke":895,"style":311},"204.5",[307,921],{"d":922,"fill":310,"stroke":305,"style":907},"M472.2 132.0 L472.2 150.0",[266,924],{"x":925,"y":910,"width":911,"height":912,"rx":894,"fill":294,"opacity":926,"stroke":296,"style":311},"389.0","0.24",[307,928],{"d":929,"fill":310,"stroke":305,"style":907},"M656.8 132.0 L656.8 150.0",[266,931],{"x":932,"y":910,"width":911,"height":912,"rx":894,"fill":283,"opacity":727,"stroke":285,"style":311},"573.5",[141,934,935],{"x":314,"y":315,"fill":316,"style":317},"Fixing a mismatch",[141,937,940],{"x":314,"y":938,"fill":316,"style":939},"90.2","font-size:13px;text-anchor:middle;font-weight:700","What differs between the two renders?",[141,942,947],{"x":943,"y":944,"fill":945,"style":946},"103.2","170.0","#166a9e","font-size:11px;text-anchor:middle;font-weight:700","Date or time text",[141,949,951],{"x":943,"y":950,"fill":316,"style":939},"190.3","Explicit locale + TZ",[141,953,956],{"x":943,"y":954,"fill":305,"style":955},"207.2","font-size:11px;text-anchor:middle","relative time in effect",[141,958,960],{"x":959,"y":944,"fill":895,"style":946},"287.8","Random IDs",[141,962,573],{"x":959,"y":950,"fill":316,"style":939},[141,964,965],{"x":959,"y":954,"fill":305,"style":955},"stable across renders",[141,967,970],{"x":968,"y":944,"fill":969,"style":946},"472.2","#8a6d0f","Browser API value",[141,972,973],{"x":968,"y":950,"fill":316,"style":939},"Default then effect",[141,975,976],{"x":968,"y":954,"fill":305,"style":955},"reserve its space",[141,978,980],{"x":979,"y":944,"fill":328,"style":946},"656.8","HTML structure",[141,982,983],{"x":979,"y":950,"fill":316,"style":939},"Fix nesting",[141,985,986],{"x":979,"y":954,"fill":305,"style":955},"validate in CI",[988,989,275,990,256],"defs",{},[991,992,998,999,275],"marker",{"id":993,"viewBox":994,"refX":894,"refY":995,"markerWidth":996,"markerHeight":996,"orient":997},"hydmm-tree-arrow","0 0 10 10","5","7","auto-start-reverse","\n      ",[307,1000],{"d":1001,"fill":305},"M0 0 L10 5 L0 10 z",[363,1003,1004],{},"client:only is the fallback only for components that cannot render without a browser.",[27,1006,1008],{"id":1007},"step-2-fail-the-build-on-new-mismatches","Step 2: Fail the Build on New Mismatches",[14,1010,1011,1012,1015],{},"The Playwright check runs on preview deploys with a non-UTC time zone and non-English locale, across one page per island, and fails on any console error matching ",[42,1013,1014],{},"\u002Fhydrat\u002Fi",". It takes about 25 seconds and has caught two new mismatches since, both dates.",[27,1017,1019],{"id":1018},"measured-impact","Measured Impact",[1021,1022,1023,1042],"table",{},[1024,1025,1026],"thead",{},[1027,1028,1029,1033,1036,1039],"tr",{},[1030,1031,1032],"th",{},"Measure",[1030,1034,1035],{},"Before",[1030,1037,1038],{},"After",[1030,1040,1041],{},"Tool",[1043,1044,1045,1059,1073,1087,1101],"tbody",{},[1027,1046,1047,1051,1054,1056],{},[1048,1049,1050],"td",{},"Islands with mismatches",[1048,1052,1053],{},"9 of 14",[1048,1055,183],{},[1048,1057,1058],{},"Playwright console check",[1027,1060,1061,1066,1068,1070],{},[1048,1062,1063,1064],{},"Islands using ",[42,1065,863],{},[1048,1067,354],{},[1048,1069,354],{},[1048,1071,1072],{},"Code",[1027,1074,1075,1078,1081,1084],{},[1048,1076,1077],{},"Pricing page LCP, mobile lab",[1048,1079,1080],{},"2.6 s",[1048,1082,1083],{},"1.9 s",[1048,1085,1086],{},"Lighthouse, median of 5",[1027,1088,1089,1092,1095,1098],{},[1048,1090,1091],{},"Total Blocking Time, pricing page",[1048,1093,1094],{},"340 ms",[1048,1096,1097],{},"150 ms",[1048,1099,1100],{},"Lighthouse",[1027,1102,1103,1106,1109,1112],{},[1048,1104,1105],{},"CLS, pricing page",[1048,1107,1108],{},"0.08",[1048,1110,1111],{},"0.01",[1048,1113,1114],{},"web-vitals RUM",[14,1116,1117],{},"The pricing page improved most: its table had been discarded and re-rendered on every visit, which delayed LCP (the table) and shifted the layout as the re-render settled.",[27,1119,1121],{"id":1120},"pitfalls-rollback","Pitfalls & Rollback",[382,1123,1124,1131,1141,1149,1155],{},[385,1125,1126,1130],{},[1127,1128,1129],"strong",{},"Testing only in the build machine's time zone and locale."," Run checks with different values.",[385,1132,1133,1140],{},[1127,1134,1135,1136,1139],{},"Guarding browser APIs with ",[42,1137,1138],{},"typeof window"," during render."," It creates mismatches; use effects.",[385,1142,1143,1148],{},[1127,1144,1145,1146,25],{},"Reaching for ",[42,1147,863],{}," It removes content from the HTML and costs LCP.",[385,1150,1151,1154],{},[1127,1152,1153],{},"Ignoring warnings in development."," They become re-renders in production.",[385,1156,1157,1160],{},[1127,1158,1159],{},"Rollback:"," each fix is local to one component; the console check makes any reintroduced mismatch visible on the preview.",[27,1162,1164],{"id":1163},"conclusion","Conclusion",[14,1166,1167,1168,1170],{},"Hydration mismatches in Astro islands come from rendering something different at build time than in the reader's browser: dates in another time zone, random IDs, browser state read during render, HTML the parser repairs, and data that changed since the build. Rendering the same output in both places and updating in effects fixed all nine affected islands without resorting to ",[42,1169,863],{},", and cut the pricing page's lab LCP from 2.6 to 1.9 seconds.",[27,1172,1174],{"id":1173},"faq","FAQ",[1176,1177,1179],"h3",{"id":1178},"what-is-a-hydration-mismatch-in-an-astro-island","What is a hydration mismatch in an Astro island?",[14,1181,1182],{},"The island's component renders HTML on the server at build time, then renders again in the browser during hydration. If the two renders produce different output, the framework warns or errors, and depending on the framework it may discard the server HTML and re-render from scratch, causing a visible flash, layout shift and wasted work.",[1176,1184,1186],{"id":1185},"why-do-dates-cause-hydration-mismatches-on-static-sites","Why do dates cause hydration mismatches on static sites?",[14,1188,1189],{},"The server render happens at build time, possibly days before the page is viewed, in the build machine's time zone and locale. The browser renders at view time in the reader's time zone and locale. Relative times such as 3 days ago, or dates formatted with the default locale, differ between the two. Format dates with an explicit time zone and locale, or render relative times only after hydration.",[1176,1191,1193],{"id":1192},"is-clientonly-a-good-fix-for-mismatches","Is client:only a good fix for mismatches?",[14,1195,1196],{},"It removes the error by skipping server rendering, but the island then renders nothing until its JavaScript loads, which costs LCP for visible content, adds layout shift unless space is reserved, and hides the content from crawlers and readers without JavaScript. Use it only for components that genuinely cannot render without the browser.",[1176,1198,1200],{"id":1199},"can-invalid-html-cause-hydration-errors","Can invalid HTML cause hydration errors?",[14,1202,1203],{},"Yes. Browsers repair invalid nesting such as a div inside a p, or a nested anchor, when parsing the server HTML, so the DOM no longer matches what the component expects during hydration. React reports these as mismatches. Validating the built HTML catches them before they reach the browser.",[27,1205,1207],{"id":1206},"related","Related",[382,1209,1210,1219,1226,1231,1238],{},[385,1211,1212,1215,1216,1218],{},[1127,1213,1214],{},"Parent:"," ",[21,1217,24],{"href":23}," — hydration strategies for static sites.",[385,1220,1221,1225],{},[21,1222,1224],{"href":1223},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fastro-islands-vs-full-hydration-performance\u002F","Astro Islands vs Full Hydration Performance"," — why islands are worth getting right.",[385,1227,1228,1230],{},[21,1229,868],{"href":867}," — choosing client directives.",[385,1232,1233,1237],{},[21,1234,1236],{"href":1235},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Fcls-from-client-side-rendered-components\u002F","CLS from Client-Side Rendered Components"," — reserving space for late 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Eleventy",{"path":1601,"title":1602},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fsearch-for-static-sites\u002Fcustomizing-the-pagefind-ui","Customizing the Pagefind UI",{"path":1604,"title":1605},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fsearch-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-missing-results-in-pagefind-indexes","Fixing Missing Results in Pagefind Indexes",{"path":1607,"title":1608},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fsearch-for-static-sites","Search for Static Sites",{"path":1610,"title":1611},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fsearch-for-static-sites\u002Findexing-hugo-sites-with-pagefind","Indexing Hugo Sites with Pagefind",{"path":1613,"title":1614},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fsearch-for-static-sites\u002Fmultilingual-search-on-static-sites","Multilingual Search on Static 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Time",{"path":1667,"title":1668},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fcanonical-urls-and-duplicate-content-on-static-sites","Canonical URLs and Duplicate Content on Static Sites",{"path":1670,"title":1671},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-pages-crawled-but-not-indexed-on-static-sites","Fixing Pages Crawled but Not Indexed on Static Sites",{"path":1673,"title":1674},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-soft-404s-on-static-hosts","Fixing Soft 404s on Static Hosts",{"path":1676,"title":1677},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fgenerating-breadcrumb-structured-data-in-astro","Generating Breadcrumb Structured Data in Astro",{"path":1679,"title":1680},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fgenerating-sitemaps-for-large-static-sites","Generating Sitemaps for Large Static Sites",{"path":1682,"title":1683},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites","Technical SEO for Static Sites",{"path":1685,"title":1686},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Frobots-txt-and-noindex-for-preview-and-staging","robots.txt and noindex for Preview and Staging",{"path":1688,"title":1689},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Frss-and-atom-feeds-for-static-blogs","RSS and Atom Feeds for Static Blogs",{"path":1691,"title":1692},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fseo-safe-pagination-and-tag-pages","SEO-Safe Pagination and Tag Pages",{"path":1694,"title":1695},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-busting-with-content-hashed-filenames","Cache Busting with Content-Hashed Filenames",{"path":1697,"title":1698},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-control-headers-for-static-sites-in-nginx","Cache-Control Headers for Static Sites in Nginx",{"path":1700,"title":1701},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-control-headers-on-s3-and-cloudfront","Cache-Control Headers on S3 and CloudFront",{"path":1703,"title":1704},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-control-headers-on-vercel-for-static-sites","Cache-Control Headers on Vercel for Static Sites",{"path":1706,"title":1707},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-keys-and-query-strings-on-cdns","Cache Keys and Query Strings on CDNs",{"path":1709,"title":1710},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcaching-404s-and-redirects-at-the-edge","Caching 404s and Redirects at the Edge",{"path":1712,"title":1713},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcloudflare-vs-cloudfront-cache-hit-ratios-for-static-sites","Cloudflare vs CloudFront Cache Hit Ratios for Static Sites",{"path":1715,"title":1716},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Ffixing-stale-html-after-deploys-on-cloudflare","Fixing Stale HTML After Deploys on Cloudflare",{"path":1718,"title":1719},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs","CDN Caching Rules for SSGs",{"path":1721,"title":1722},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fpurging-the-cdn-cache-after-a-static-deploy","Purging the CDN Cache After a Static Deploy",{"path":1724,"title":1725},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fsetting-cache-control-headers-on-cloudflare-pages","Cache-Control Headers on Cloudflare Pages",{"path":1727,"title":1728},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fsetting-up-proper-cache-headers-on-netlify","Proper Cache Headers on Netlify for SSGs",{"path":1730,"title":1731},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fstale-while-revalidate-for-static-html","Stale-While-Revalidate for Static HTML",{"path":1733,"title":1734},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Ftiered-caching-and-origin-shield","Tiered Caching and Origin Shield",{"path":1736,"title":1737},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fcode-splitting-and-module-preload-in-vite-based-ssgs","Code Splitting and Module Preload in Vite-Based SSGs",{"path":1739,"title":1740},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Ffixing-missing-tailwind-classes-in-production-builds","Fixing Missing Tailwind Classes in Production Builds",{"path":1742,"title":1743},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Ffixing-unused-javascript-warnings-on-static-pages","Fixing Unused JavaScript Warnings on Static Pages",{"path":1745,"title":1746},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization","CSS and JavaScript Asset Optimization",{"path":1748,"title":1749},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Finlining-critical-css-on-static-sites","Inlining Critical CSS on Static Sites",{"path":1751,"title":1752},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fkeeping-tailwind-css-output-small-on-static-sites","Keeping Tailwind CSS Output Small on Static Sites",{"path":1754,"title":1755},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fminifying-html-css-and-js-in-eleventy","Minifying HTML, CSS and JS in Eleventy",{"path":1757,"title":1758},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fprecompressing-assets-with-brotli-and-zstd","Precompressing Assets with Brotli and Zstd",{"path":1760,"title":1761},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fpurging-unused-css-with-tailwind-and-lightningcss","Purging Unused CSS with Tailwind and Lightning CSS",{"path":1763,"title":1764},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fsvg-icon-sprites-vs-inline-icons","SVG Icon Sprites vs Inline Icons",{"path":1766,"title":1767},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Ftailwind-v4-in-astro-without-postcss-plugins","Tailwind v4 in Astro Without PostCSS Plugins",{"path":1769,"title":1236},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Fcls-from-client-side-rendered-components",{"path":1771,"title":1772},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Fdebugging-cls-with-the-layout-instability-api","Debugging CLS with the Layout Instability API",{"path":1774,"title":1775},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Feliminating-layout-shift-from-web-fonts","Eliminating Layout Shift From Web Fonts",{"path":1777,"title":1778},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-cookie-banners","Fixing CLS from Cookie Banners",{"path":1780,"title":1781},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-dynamic-table-of-contents-widgets","Fixing CLS From Dynamic Table of Contents Widgets",{"path":1783,"title":1784},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-images-without-dimensions-in-markdown","Fixing CLS From Images Without Dimensions in Markdown",{"path":1786,"title":1787},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-late-loading-embeds","Fixing CLS From Late-Loading Embeds",{"path":1789,"title":1790},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-sticky-headers-and-anchor-links","Fixing CLS from Sticky Headers and Anchor Links",{"path":1792,"title":1793},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites","Cumulative Layout Shift Fixes for Static Sites",{"path":1795,"title":1796},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Fmeasuring-cls-in-the-field-with-web-vitals-js","Measuring CLS in the Field With web-vitals.js",{"path":1798,"title":1799},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Freserving-space-for-ad-and-promo-slots","Reserving Space for Ad and Promo Slots",{"path":1801,"title":1802},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Freserving-space-for-images-and-embeds-to-stop-layout-shift","Reserving Space for Images and Embeds",{"path":1804,"title":1805},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fauditing-font-payload-per-page","Auditing Font Payload per Page",{"path":1807,"title":1808},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-invisible-text-while-web-fonts-load","Fixing Invisible Text While Web Fonts Load",{"path":1810,"title":1811},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Ffont-display-optional-vs-swap","font-display: optional vs swap",{"path":1813,"title":1814},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites","Font Loading Strategies for Static Sites",{"path":1816,"title":1817},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fmetric-matched-fallback-fonts-with-size-adjust","Metric-Matched Fallback Fonts with size-adjust",{"path":1819,"title":1820},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fpreloading-fonts-without-double-downloads","Preloading Fonts Without Double Downloads",{"path":1822,"title":1823},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fself-hosted-fonts-vs-google-fonts-for-static-sites","Self-Hosted Fonts vs Google Fonts for Static Sites",{"path":1825,"title":1826},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fself-hosting-google-fonts-to-eliminate-layout-shift","Self-Host Google Fonts to Eliminate Layout Shift",{"path":1828,"title":1829},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fsubsetting-variable-fonts-for-faster-first-render","Subsetting Variable Fonts for Faster First Render",{"path":1831,"title":1832},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fusing-system-font-stacks-to-skip-webfonts","Using System Font Stacks to Skip Web Fonts",{"path":1834,"title":1835},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fvariable-fonts-vs-static-weights","Variable Fonts vs Static Weights",{"path":1837,"title":1838},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fart-direction-with-the-picture-element","Art Direction with the Picture Element",{"path":1840,"title":1841},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fblur-up-placeholders-with-lqip","Blur-Up Placeholders with LQIP",{"path":1843,"title":1844},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fbuilding-an-image-cdn-pipeline-for-static-sites","Building an Image CDN Pipeline for Static Sites",{"path":1846,"title":1847},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fcaching-processed-images-between-builds","Caching Processed Images Between Builds",{"path":1849,"title":1850},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Ffixing-blurry-images-from-astro-assets-resizing","Fixing Blurry Images From astro:assets Resizing",{"path":1852,"title":1853},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fgenerating-open-graph-images-at-build-time","Generating Open Graph Images at Build Time",{"path":1855,"title":1856},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro","Image Optimization Pipelines in Astro",{"path":1858,"title":1859},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Flazy-loading-images-without-hurting-lcp","Lazy-Loading Images Without Hurting LCP",{"path":1861,"title":1862},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Foptimizing-webp-images-in-hugo-without-plugins","Optimizing WebP Images in Hugo Without Plugins",{"path":1864,"title":1865},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fresponsive-images-with-srcset-in-eleventy","Responsive Images with srcset in Eleventy",{"path":1867,"title":1868},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fserving-astro-images-through-cloudflare-image-resizing","Serving Astro Images Through Cloudflare Image Resizing",{"path":1870,"title":1871},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fserving-avif-with-fallbacks-on-static-sites","Serving AVIF With Fallbacks on Static Sites",{"path":1873,"title":1273},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs",{"path":1875,"title":1224},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fastro-islands-vs-full-hydration-performance",{"path":1877,"title":1878},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fbreaking-up-long-tasks-on-static-sites","Breaking Up Long Tasks on Static Sites",{"path":1880,"title":868},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fdeferring-hydration-with-client-visible-in-astro",{"path":1288,"title":5},{"path":1883,"title":1243},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Ffixing-poor-inp-on-static-pages-with-heavy-widgets",{"path":1885,"title":1886},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fhow-to-reduce-bundle-size-in-eleventy-builds","How to Reduce Bundle Size in Eleventy Builds",{"path":1888,"title":24},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering",{"path":1890,"title":1891},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fmeasuring-inp-on-static-sites-with-real-user-monitoring","Measuring INP on Static Sites with RUM",{"path":1893,"title":1894},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fpreact-vs-react-islands-bundle-size","Preact vs React Islands Bundle Size",{"path":1896,"title":1897},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Freplacing-react-islands-with-web-components","Replacing React Islands with Web Components",{"path":1899,"title":1900},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fserver-islands-in-astro","Server Islands in Astro",{"path":1902,"title":1903},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Feliminating-render-blocking-css-on-static-sites","Eliminating Render-Blocking CSS on Static 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