[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2586},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page:\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-images-without-dimensions-in-markdown":3,"all-docs-nav":1439,"filed:\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-images-without-dimensions-in-markdown":2580},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"breadcrumb":1414,"dateModified":1424,"datePublished":1424,"description":1425,"extension":1426,"faq":1427,"meta":1432,"navigation":1433,"path":1434,"seo":1435,"slug":12,"stem":1436,"type":1437,"__hash__":1438},"content\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-images-without-dimensions-in-markdown\u002Findex.md","Fixing CLS From Images Without Dimensions in Markdown",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1394},"minimark",[9,13,33,47,52,122,125,257,261,291,294,317,327,571,575,589,686,706,710,713,793,808,939,943,954,958,961,1000,1016,1020,1026,1056,1059,1063,1069,1073,1157,1251,1259,1262,1266,1309,1313,1316,1320,1325,1328,1332,1335,1339,1342,1346,1349,1353,1390],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"fixing-cls-from-images-without-dimensions-in-markdown",[14,15,16,20,21,24,25,28,29,32],"p",{},[17,18,19],"code",{},"![Deploy settings](.\u002Fdeploy-settings.png)"," produces ",[17,22,23],{},"\u003Cimg src=\"deploy-settings.png\" alt=\"Deploy settings\">"," — no ",[17,26,27],{},"width",", no ",[17,30,31],{},"height",". The browser lays out the page with the image taking no vertical space, downloads it, discovers it is 1600×900, and pushes every paragraph below it down by the rendered height. On a documentation page with a screenshot every few paragraphs, a reader who starts scrolling before images load feels the page jump repeatedly. Field CLS shows it; lab tests often do not, because images load quickly on a fast connection.",[14,34,35,36,41,42,46],{},"The fix is mechanical: every image needs its intrinsic dimensions in the HTML. On a static site those are known at build time, so the generator can add them to every Markdown image. This guide does it for Astro, Eleventy and Hugo on a 2,200-page product docs site with about 5,400 Markdown images, then adds a check so new images cannot ship without dimensions. It belongs to ",[37,38,40],"a",{"href":39},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002F","Cumulative Layout Shift Fixes for Static Sites","; the broader treatment of reserved space is in ",[37,43,45],{"href":44},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Freserving-space-for-images-and-embeds-to-stop-layout-shift\u002F","Reserving Space for Images and Embeds",".",[48,49,51],"h2",{"id":50},"symptoms","Symptoms",[53,54,55,71],"table",{},[56,57,58],"thead",{},[59,60,61,65,68],"tr",{},[62,63,64],"th",{},"Measure",[62,66,67],{},"Value",[62,69,70],{},"Tool",[72,73,74,86,97,108],"tbody",{},[59,75,76,80,83],{},[77,78,79],"td",{},"CLS p75, docs pages, mobile",[77,81,82],{},"0.22",[77,84,85],{},"web-vitals RUM",[59,87,88,91,94],{},[77,89,90],{},"CLS, same pages, Lighthouse lab",[77,92,93],{},"0.04",[77,95,96],{},"Lighthouse 12",[59,98,99,102,105],{},[77,100,101],{},"Images in Markdown without dimensions",[77,103,104],{},"5,380 of 5,420",[77,106,107],{},"HTML scan",[59,109,110,113,119],{},[77,111,112],{},"Largest shift source on poor views",[77,114,115,118],{},[17,116,117],{},"img"," in article (78%)",[77,120,121],{},"web-vitals attribution",[14,123,124],{},"The gap between field and lab is typical: Lighthouse loads above-the-fold images quickly and does not scroll, while real readers on slower connections scroll into images that are still loading.",[126,127,128,253],"figure",{},[129,130,136,137,136,141,136,145,136,152,136,238],"svg",{"viewBox":131,"role":117,"ariaLabelledBy":132,"xmlns":135},"0 0 760 265",[133,134],"imgdim-seq-title","imgdim-seq-desc","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg","\n  ",[138,139,140],"title",{"id":133},"Sequence of layout for an image without width and height",[142,143,144],"desc",{"id":134},"Three actors, the reader, the browser and the image server. The browser lays out the article with the image box at zero height. The reader starts reading and scrolling. The image's first bytes arrive and the browser learns it is 1600 by 900. The browser lays out the image at its rendered height of 380 pixels and moves every element below it down, which counts as a layout shift.",[146,147],"rect",{"x":148,"y":148,"width":149,"height":150,"fill":151},"0","760","265","#ffffff",[153,154,156,157,156,167,156,170,156,173,156,180,156,184,156,187,156,191,156,194,156,197,156,205,156,211,156,214,156,218,156,224,156,229,156,234,136],"g",{"style":155},"font-family:system-ui, sans-serif;font-size:12px","\n    ",[146,158],{"x":159,"y":160,"width":161,"height":162,"rx":163,"fill":164,"stroke":165,"style":166},"55.0","56.0","170.0","42.9","8","#f8fafc","#d9e2ef","stroke-width:1.5px",[146,168],{"x":169,"y":160,"width":161,"height":162,"rx":163,"fill":164,"stroke":165,"style":166},"295.0",[146,171],{"x":172,"y":160,"width":161,"height":162,"rx":163,"fill":164,"stroke":165,"style":166},"535.0",[174,175],"path",{"d":176,"fill":177,"stroke":178,"style":179},"M144.0 166.8 L374.0 166.8","none","#556071","stroke-width:1.8px;marker-end:url(#imgdim-seq-arrow)",[174,181],{"d":182,"fill":177,"stroke":178,"style":183},"M616.0 199.8 L386.0 199.8","stroke-width:1.8px;stroke-dasharray:5 4;marker-end:url(#imgdim-seq-arrow)",[174,185],{"d":186,"fill":177,"stroke":178,"style":179},"M376.0 232.7 L146.0 232.7",[174,188],{"d":189,"fill":177,"stroke":165,"style":190},"M140.0 100.9 L140.0 248.7","stroke-width:1.5px;stroke-dasharray:4 4",[174,192],{"d":193,"fill":177,"stroke":165,"style":190},"M380.0 100.9 L380.0 248.7",[174,195],{"d":196,"fill":177,"stroke":165,"style":190},"M620.0 100.9 L620.0 248.7",[198,199,204],"text",{"x":200,"y":201,"fill":202,"style":203},"380.0","30.0","#1f2937","font-size:16px;text-anchor:middle;font-weight:700","Why a dimensionless image shifts the page",[198,206,210],{"x":207,"y":208,"fill":202,"style":209},"140.0","82.7","font-size:13px;text-anchor:middle;font-weight:700","Reader",[198,212,213],{"x":200,"y":208,"fill":202,"style":209},"Browser",[198,215,217],{"x":216,"y":208,"fill":202,"style":209},"620.0","Image server",[198,219,223],{"x":220,"y":221,"fill":202,"style":222},"420.0","125.8","font-size:11.5px;text-anchor:middle","layout: img height 0",[198,225,228],{"x":226,"y":227,"fill":202,"style":222},"260.0","158.8","reads, scrolls",[198,230,233],{"x":231,"y":232,"fill":178,"style":222},"500.0","191.7","header bytes: 1600×900",[198,235,237],{"x":226,"y":236,"fill":202,"style":222},"224.7","relayout: content moves 380 px",[239,240,156,241,136],"defs",{},[242,243,249,250,156],"marker",{"id":244,"viewBox":245,"refX":163,"refY":246,"markerWidth":247,"markerHeight":247,"orient":248},"imgdim-seq-arrow","0 0 10 10","5","7","auto-start-reverse","\n      ",[174,251],{"d":252,"fill":178},"M0 0 L10 5 L0 10 z",[254,255,256],"figcaption",{},"With width and height attributes, the browser reserves the 380 pixels in the first layout and nothing moves.",[48,258,260],{"id":259},"the-fix-in-astro","The Fix in Astro",[14,262,263,264,268,269,272,273,276,277,279,280,282,283,286,287,290],{},"Astro already adds dimensions to images it processes. A Markdown image with a ",[265,266,267],"em",{},"relative"," path (",[17,270,271],{},".\u002Fdeploy-settings.png",") is processed by ",[17,274,275],{},"astro:assets",", which reads the file and writes ",[17,278,27],{}," and ",[17,281,31],{}," — so in Astro the problem usually comes from images referenced by absolute path from ",[17,284,285],{},"public\u002F"," (",[17,288,289],{},"\u002Fimages\u002Fdeploy.png","), which Astro does not process. The site had 3,100 of those, left over from a migration.",[14,292,293],{},"Moving the images next to their content and rewriting the paths made Astro process them:",[295,296,301],"pre",{"className":297,"code":298,"language":299,"meta":300,"style":300},"language-sh shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","# for each Markdown file, copy referenced \u002Fimages\u002F... into the file's folder and rewrite the link\nnode scripts\u002Flocalise-images.mjs src\u002Fcontent\u002Fdocs\n","sh","",[17,302,303,311],{"__ignoreMap":300},[304,305,308],"span",{"class":306,"line":307},"line",1,[304,309,310],{},"# for each Markdown file, copy referenced \u002Fimages\u002F... into the file's folder and rewrite the link\n",[304,312,314],{"class":306,"line":313},2,[304,315,316],{},"node scripts\u002Flocalise-images.mjs src\u002Fcontent\u002Fdocs\n",[14,318,319,320,322,323,326],{},"For images that must stay in ",[17,321,285],{},", a rehype plugin can read their dimensions with ",[17,324,325],{},"image-size"," at build time and add the attributes:",[295,328,332],{"className":329,"code":330,"language":331,"meta":300,"style":300},"language-js shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","import { visit } from 'unist-util-visit';\nimport { imageSize } from 'image-size';\nexport default function rehypeImgSize() {\n  return (tree) => visit(tree, 'element', (node) => {\n    if (node.tagName !== 'img' || node.properties.width) return;\n    const src = String(node.properties.src || '');\n    if (!src.startsWith('\u002F')) return;\n    const { width, height } = imageSize(`public${src}`);\n    Object.assign(node.properties, { width, height });\n  });\n}\n","js",[17,333,334,354,368,387,427,453,481,510,547,559,565],{"__ignoreMap":300},[304,335,336,340,344,347,351],{"class":306,"line":307},[304,337,339],{"class":338},"szBVR","import",[304,341,343],{"class":342},"sVt8B"," { visit } ",[304,345,346],{"class":338},"from",[304,348,350],{"class":349},"sZZnC"," 'unist-util-visit'",[304,352,353],{"class":342},";\n",[304,355,356,358,361,363,366],{"class":306,"line":313},[304,357,339],{"class":338},[304,359,360],{"class":342}," { imageSize } ",[304,362,346],{"class":338},[304,364,365],{"class":349}," 'image-size'",[304,367,353],{"class":342},[304,369,371,374,377,380,384],{"class":306,"line":370},3,[304,372,373],{"class":338},"export",[304,375,376],{"class":338}," default",[304,378,379],{"class":338}," function",[304,381,383],{"class":382},"sScJk"," rehypeImgSize",[304,385,386],{"class":342},"() {\n",[304,388,390,393,395,399,402,405,408,411,414,417,420,422,424],{"class":306,"line":389},4,[304,391,392],{"class":338},"  return",[304,394,286],{"class":342},[304,396,398],{"class":397},"s4XuR","tree",[304,400,401],{"class":342},") ",[304,403,404],{"class":338},"=>",[304,406,407],{"class":382}," visit",[304,409,410],{"class":342},"(tree, ",[304,412,413],{"class":349},"'element'",[304,415,416],{"class":342},", 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imageSize",[304,535,499],{"class":342},[304,537,538],{"class":349},"`public${",[304,540,541],{"class":342},"src",[304,543,544],{"class":349},"}`",[304,546,480],{"class":342},[304,548,550,553,556],{"class":306,"line":549},9,[304,551,552],{"class":342},"    Object.",[304,554,555],{"class":382},"assign",[304,557,558],{"class":342},"(node.properties, { width, height });\n",[304,560,562],{"class":306,"line":561},10,[304,563,564],{"class":342},"  });\n",[304,566,568],{"class":306,"line":567},11,[304,569,570],{"class":342},"}\n",[48,572,574],{"id":573},"the-fix-in-eleventy","The Fix in Eleventy",[14,576,577,578,581,582,585,586,588],{},"Eleventy's Markdown output contains plain ",[17,579,580],{},"\u003Cimg>"," elements. The ",[17,583,584],{},"@11ty\u002Feleventy-img"," transform plugin processes every ",[17,587,580],{}," in the output HTML, adds dimensions and generates responsive formats:",[295,590,592],{"className":329,"code":591,"language":331,"meta":300,"style":300},"import { eleventyImageTransformPlugin } from '@11ty\u002Feleventy-img';\neleventyConfig.addPlugin(eleventyImageTransformPlugin, {\n  formats: ['avif', 'webp', 'auto'],\n  widths: [480, 960, 1440, 'auto'],\n  htmlOptions: { imgAttributes: { loading: 'lazy', decoding: 'async' } },\n});\n",[17,593,594,608,619,640,664,681],{"__ignoreMap":300},[304,595,596,598,601,603,606],{"class":306,"line":307},[304,597,339],{"class":338},[304,599,600],{"class":342}," { eleventyImageTransformPlugin } ",[304,602,346],{"class":338},[304,604,605],{"class":349}," '@11ty\u002Feleventy-img'",[304,607,353],{"class":342},[304,609,610,613,616],{"class":306,"line":313},[304,611,612],{"class":342},"eleventyConfig.",[304,614,615],{"class":382},"addPlugin",[304,617,618],{"class":342},"(eleventyImageTransformPlugin, {\n",[304,620,621,624,627,629,632,634,637],{"class":306,"line":370},[304,622,623],{"class":342},"  formats: [",[304,625,626],{"class":349},"'avif'",[304,628,522],{"class":342},[304,630,631],{"class":349},"'webp'",[304,633,522],{"class":342},[304,635,636],{"class":349},"'auto'",[304,638,639],{"class":342},"],\n",[304,641,642,645,648,650,653,655,658,660,662],{"class":306,"line":389},[304,643,644],{"class":342},"  widths: [",[304,646,647],{"class":461},"480",[304,649,522],{"class":342},[304,651,652],{"class":461},"960",[304,654,522],{"class":342},[304,656,657],{"class":461},"1440",[304,659,522],{"class":342},[304,661,636],{"class":349},[304,663,639],{"class":342},[304,665,666,669,672,675,678],{"class":306,"line":429},[304,667,668],{"class":342},"  htmlOptions: { imgAttributes: { loading: ",[304,670,671],{"class":349},"'lazy'",[304,673,674],{"class":342},", decoding: ",[304,676,677],{"class":349},"'async'",[304,679,680],{"class":342}," } },\n",[304,682,683],{"class":306,"line":455},[304,684,685],{"class":342},"});\n",[14,687,688,689,279,691,693,694,697,698,701,702,705],{},"It writes ",[17,690,27],{},[17,692,31],{}," from the source image and wraps each image in ",[17,695,696],{},"\u003Cpicture>",". Images that should load eagerly — the first image on a page, if it is the LCP element — get ",[17,699,700],{},"eleventy:ignore"," or explicit ",[17,703,704],{},"loading=\"eager\""," in their HTML.",[48,707,709],{"id":708},"the-fix-in-hugo","The Fix in Hugo",[14,711,712],{},"Hugo's image render hook sees every Markdown image and, for page resources, knows their dimensions:",[295,714,718],{"className":715,"code":716,"language":717,"meta":300,"style":300},"language-go-html-template shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","{{\u002F* layouts\u002F_default\u002F_markup\u002Frender-image.html *\u002F}}\n{{- $img := .Page.Resources.GetMatch .Destination -}}\n{{- with $img -}}\n  {{- $w := .Resize \"960x webp q80\" -}}\n  \u003Cimg src=\"{{ $w.RelPermalink }}\" width=\"{{ $w.Width }}\" height=\"{{ $w.Height }}\"\n       alt=\"{{ $.Text }}\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\">\n{{- else -}}\n  {{- with resources.Get .Destination -}}\n    \u003Cimg src=\"{{ .RelPermalink }}\" width=\"{{ .Width }}\" height=\"{{ .Height }}\" alt=\"{{ $.Text }}\" loading=\"lazy\">\n  {{- else -}}\n    {{- warnf \"%s: image %s has no dimensions\" $.Page.File.Path $.Destination -}}\n    \u003Cimg src=\"{{ .Destination | safeURL }}\" alt=\"{{ .Text }}\" loading=\"lazy\">\n  {{- end -}}\n{{- end -}}\n","go-html-template",[17,719,720,725,730,735,740,745,750,755,760,765,770,775,781,787],{"__ignoreMap":300},[304,721,722],{"class":306,"line":307},[304,723,724],{},"{{\u002F* layouts\u002F_default\u002F_markup\u002Frender-image.html *\u002F}}\n",[304,726,727],{"class":306,"line":313},[304,728,729],{},"{{- $img := .Page.Resources.GetMatch .Destination -}}\n",[304,731,732],{"class":306,"line":370},[304,733,734],{},"{{- with $img -}}\n",[304,736,737],{"class":306,"line":389},[304,738,739],{},"  {{- $w := .Resize \"960x webp q80\" -}}\n",[304,741,742],{"class":306,"line":429},[304,743,744],{},"  \u003Cimg src=\"{{ $w.RelPermalink }}\" width=\"{{ $w.Width }}\" height=\"{{ $w.Height }}\"\n",[304,746,747],{"class":306,"line":455},[304,748,749],{},"       alt=\"{{ $.Text }}\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\">\n",[304,751,752],{"class":306,"line":483},[304,753,754],{},"{{- else -}}\n",[304,756,757],{"class":306,"line":512},[304,758,759],{},"  {{- with resources.Get .Destination -}}\n",[304,761,762],{"class":306,"line":549},[304,763,764],{},"    \u003Cimg src=\"{{ .RelPermalink }}\" width=\"{{ .Width }}\" height=\"{{ .Height }}\" alt=\"{{ $.Text }}\" loading=\"lazy\">\n",[304,766,767],{"class":306,"line":561},[304,768,769],{},"  {{- else -}}\n",[304,771,772],{"class":306,"line":567},[304,773,774],{},"    {{- warnf \"%s: image %s has no dimensions\" $.Page.File.Path $.Destination -}}\n",[304,776,778],{"class":306,"line":777},12,[304,779,780],{},"    \u003Cimg src=\"{{ .Destination | safeURL }}\" alt=\"{{ .Text }}\" loading=\"lazy\">\n",[304,782,784],{"class":306,"line":783},13,[304,785,786],{},"  {{- end -}}\n",[304,788,790],{"class":306,"line":789},14,[304,791,792],{},"{{- end -}}\n",[14,794,795,796,799,800,803,804,807],{},"Page bundle images resolve through ",[17,797,798],{},".Page.Resources",", shared ones through ",[17,801,802],{},"resources.Get"," in ",[17,805,806],{},"assets\u002F",", and anything else — external URLs — produces a build warning.",[126,809,810,936],{},[129,811,136,816,136,819,136,822,136,825],{"viewBox":812,"role":117,"ariaLabelledBy":813,"xmlns":135},"0 0 760 203",[814,815],"imgdim-gens-title","imgdim-gens-desc",[138,817,818],{"id":814},"How each generator adds width and height to Markdown images",[142,820,821],{"id":815},"A matrix of three generators against three image locations. In Astro, relative images are processed automatically, public folder images need a rehype plugin, and external images need fetching. In Eleventy, the image transform plugin handles local images and can fetch remote ones with caching. In Hugo, page bundle and assets images get dimensions in a render hook, and external images produce a warning.",[146,823],{"x":148,"y":148,"width":149,"height":824,"fill":151},"203",[153,826,156,827,156,830,156,840,156,846,156,852,156,855,156,858,156,860,156,862,156,865,156,868,156,870,156,872,156,875,156,878,156,883,156,888,156,892,156,896,156,900,156,904,156,907,156,910,156,913,156,917,156,919,156,922,156,926,156,930,156,933,136],{"style":155},[174,828],{"d":829,"fill":177,"stroke":178,"style":166},"M20.0 86.0 L740.0 86.0",[146,831],{"x":832,"y":833,"width":834,"height":835,"rx":246,"fill":836,"opacity":837,"stroke":838,"style":839},"214.0","90.0","168.7","25.6","#8ac926","0.2","#5a8a16","stroke-width:1px",[146,841],{"x":842,"y":833,"width":834,"height":835,"rx":246,"fill":843,"opacity":844,"stroke":845,"style":839},"390.7","#ffca3a","0.24","#a97b00",[146,847],{"x":848,"y":833,"width":834,"height":835,"rx":246,"fill":849,"opacity":850,"stroke":851,"style":839},"567.3","#ff595e","0.12","#d83b41",[174,853],{"d":854,"fill":177,"stroke":165,"style":839},"M20.0 119.6 L740.0 119.6",[146,856],{"x":832,"y":857,"width":834,"height":835,"rx":246,"fill":836,"opacity":837,"stroke":838,"style":839},"123.6",[146,859],{"x":842,"y":857,"width":834,"height":835,"rx":246,"fill":836,"opacity":837,"stroke":838,"style":839},[146,861],{"x":848,"y":857,"width":834,"height":835,"rx":246,"fill":843,"opacity":844,"stroke":845,"style":839},[174,863],{"d":864,"fill":177,"stroke":165,"style":839},"M20.0 153.2 L740.0 153.2",[146,866],{"x":832,"y":867,"width":834,"height":835,"rx":246,"fill":836,"opacity":837,"stroke":838,"style":839},"157.2",[146,869],{"x":842,"y":867,"width":834,"height":835,"rx":246,"fill":836,"opacity":837,"stroke":838,"style":839},[146,871],{"x":848,"y":867,"width":834,"height":835,"rx":246,"fill":849,"opacity":850,"stroke":851,"style":839},[174,873],{"d":874,"fill":177,"stroke":165,"style":839},"M20.0 186.8 L740.0 186.8",[198,876,877],{"x":200,"y":201,"fill":202,"style":203},"Where dimensions come from, per generator",[198,879,882],{"x":201,"y":880,"fill":202,"style":881},"75.2","font-size:12px;text-anchor:start;font-weight:700","Generator",[198,884,887],{"x":885,"y":880,"fill":202,"style":886},"298.3","font-size:12px;text-anchor:middle;font-weight:700","Local images",[198,889,891],{"x":890,"y":880,"fill":202,"style":886},"475.0","public\u002Fstatic images",[198,893,895],{"x":894,"y":880,"fill":202,"style":886},"651.7","External URLs",[198,897,899],{"x":201,"y":898,"fill":202,"style":881},"106.4","Astro",[198,901,903],{"x":885,"y":902,"fill":202,"style":222},"106.2","astro:assets automatic",[198,905,906],{"x":890,"y":902,"fill":202,"style":222},"rehype + image-size",[198,908,909],{"x":894,"y":902,"fill":202,"style":222},"fetch at build",[198,911,912],{"x":201,"y":207,"fill":202,"style":881},"Eleventy",[198,914,916],{"x":885,"y":915,"fill":202,"style":222},"139.8","image transform plugin",[198,918,916],{"x":890,"y":915,"fill":202,"style":222},[198,920,921],{"x":894,"y":915,"fill":202,"style":222},"remote with cache",[198,923,925],{"x":201,"y":924,"fill":202,"style":881},"173.6","Hugo",[198,927,929],{"x":885,"y":928,"fill":202,"style":222},"173.4","render hook (bundle)",[198,931,932],{"x":890,"y":928,"fill":202,"style":222},"render hook (assets)",[198,934,935],{"x":894,"y":928,"fill":202,"style":222},"warn, fetch manually",[254,937,938],{},"Local images are solved by configuration everywhere; external images are the remaining work.",[48,940,942],{"id":941},"external-images","External Images",[14,944,945,946,949,950,953],{},"About 40 images on the site were hot-linked from external sources — vendor logos, a few screenshots on other hosts. Their dimensions are unknown at build time. They were downloaded into the repository where licences allowed, and the remaining 9 were wrapped in a container with an explicit ",[17,947,948],{},"aspect-ratio"," matching the image, measured once by hand. Eleventy Image can also fetch remote images during the build and cache them for a day (",[17,951,952],{},"cacheOptions: { duration: '1d' }","), which keeps them up to date without re-downloading on every build.",[48,955,957],{"id":956},"the-css-that-makes-dimensions-responsive","The CSS That Makes Dimensions Responsive",[14,959,960],{},"Dimensions must not make images rigid. The site's base styles already had this; it is worth checking it exists:",[295,962,966],{"className":963,"code":964,"language":965,"meta":300,"style":300},"language-css shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }\n","css",[17,967,968],{"__ignoreMap":300},[304,969,970,973,975,978,981,984,987,990,992,994,997],{"class":306,"line":307},[304,971,117],{"class":972},"s9eBZ",[304,974,517],{"class":342},[304,976,977],{"class":461},"max-width",[304,979,980],{"class":342},": ",[304,982,983],{"class":461},"100",[304,985,986],{"class":338},"%",[304,988,989],{"class":342},"; ",[304,991,31],{"class":461},[304,993,980],{"class":342},[304,995,996],{"class":461},"auto",[304,998,999],{"class":342},"; }\n",[14,1001,1002,1003,1006,1007,279,1009,1011,1012,1015],{},"With ",[17,1004,1005],{},"height: auto",", the browser uses the ",[17,1008,27],{},[17,1010,31],{}," attributes only to compute the aspect ratio and reserves ",[17,1013,1014],{},"rendered width × (height \u002F width)"," of space.",[48,1017,1019],{"id":1018},"check-it-in-ci","Check It in CI",[14,1021,1022,1023,1025],{},"A post-build scan fails on any ",[17,1024,580],{}," inside article content without both attributes:",[295,1027,1029],{"className":297,"code":1028,"language":299,"meta":300,"style":300},"node -e \"\nconst fs=require('fs'),glob=require('glob');let bad=0;\nfor (const f of glob.sync('dist\u002F**\u002F*.html')) for (const m of fs.readFileSync(f,'utf8').matchAll(\u002F\u003Cimg\\b[^>]*>\u002Fg))\n  if (!\u002F\\bwidth=\u002F.test(m[0])||!\u002F\\bheight=\u002F.test(m[0])) { bad++; if (bad\u003C20) console.log(f, m[0].slice(0,120)); }\nprocess.exit(bad?1:0)\"\n",[17,1030,1031,1036,1041,1046,1051],{"__ignoreMap":300},[304,1032,1033],{"class":306,"line":307},[304,1034,1035],{},"node -e \"\n",[304,1037,1038],{"class":306,"line":313},[304,1039,1040],{},"const fs=require('fs'),glob=require('glob');let bad=0;\n",[304,1042,1043],{"class":306,"line":370},[304,1044,1045],{},"for (const f of glob.sync('dist\u002F**\u002F*.html')) for (const m of fs.readFileSync(f,'utf8').matchAll(\u002F\u003Cimg\\b[^>]*>\u002Fg))\n",[304,1047,1048],{"class":306,"line":389},[304,1049,1050],{},"  if (!\u002F\\bwidth=\u002F.test(m[0])||!\u002F\\bheight=\u002F.test(m[0])) { bad++; if (bad\u003C20) console.log(f, m[0].slice(0,120)); }\n",[304,1052,1053],{"class":306,"line":429},[304,1054,1055],{},"process.exit(bad?1:0)\"\n",[14,1057,1058],{},"It runs in 2 seconds and fails the pull request that adds an image without dimensions, which in practice means an external image or an image path the pipeline does not process.",[48,1060,1062],{"id":1061},"images-added-by-writers-later","Images Added by Writers Later",[14,1064,1065,1066,1068],{},"The fix has to hold as writers add screenshots every week. In Astro and Hugo the pipeline handles any image placed next to its content automatically, so the only rule writers need is \"put images in the page's folder, not in ",[17,1067,285],{},"\" — which the contributing guide states with an example, and which the CI scan enforces by failing on dimensionless images.",[48,1070,1072],{"id":1071},"measured-impact","Measured Impact",[53,1074,1075,1089],{},[56,1076,1077],{},[59,1078,1079,1081,1084,1087],{},[62,1080,64],{},[62,1082,1083],{},"Before",[62,1085,1086],{},"After",[62,1088,70],{},[72,1090,1091,1104,1116,1129,1143],{},[59,1092,1093,1096,1099,1101],{},[77,1094,1095],{},"Images without dimensions",[77,1097,1098],{},"5,380",[77,1100,148],{},[77,1102,1103],{},"CI scan",[59,1105,1106,1109,1111,1113],{},[77,1107,1108],{},"CLS p75, docs, mobile",[77,1110,82],{},[77,1112,93],{},[77,1114,1115],{},"web-vitals RUM, 4 weeks",[59,1117,1118,1121,1124,1127],{},[77,1119,1120],{},"Views with CLS > 0.1",[77,1122,1123],{},"39%",[77,1125,1126],{},"5%",[77,1128,85],{},[59,1130,1131,1134,1137,1140],{},[77,1132,1133],{},"Image bytes per page (median)",[77,1135,1136],{},"1.2 MB",[77,1138,1139],{},"410 KB",[77,1141,1142],{},"DevTools (side effect of processing)",[59,1144,1145,1148,1151,1154],{},[77,1146,1147],{},"Build time",[77,1149,1150],{},"2 min 10 s",[77,1152,1153],{},"3 min 05 s cold, 2 min 20 s warm",[77,1155,1156],{},"CI logs",[126,1158,1159,1248],{},[129,1160,136,1165,136,1168,136,1171,136,1174],{"viewBox":1161,"role":117,"ariaLabelledBy":1162,"xmlns":135},"0 0 760 196",[1163,1164],"imgdim-result-title","imgdim-result-desc",[138,1166,1167],{"id":1163},"Field CLS at the 75th percentile and share of poor views before and after",[142,1169,1170],{"id":1164},"Paired bars. CLS at the 75th percentile on mobile docs pages went from 0.22 to 0.04. The share of views with CLS above 0.1 went from 39 to 5 percent.",[146,1172],{"x":148,"y":148,"width":149,"height":1173,"fill":151},"196",[153,1175,156,1176,156,1184,156,1188,156,1195,156,1199,156,1203,156,1207,156,1210,156,1213,156,1217,156,1220,156,1225,156,1231,156,1236,156,1239,156,1244,136],{"style":155},[146,1177],{"x":1178,"y":1179,"width":1180,"height":1181,"rx":1182,"fill":849,"opacity":1183,"stroke":851,"style":839},"306.8","50.0","14.0","12.0","2","0.3",[146,1185],{"x":1186,"y":1179,"width":1180,"height":1181,"rx":1182,"fill":836,"opacity":1187,"stroke":838,"style":839},"398.4","0.4",[146,1189],{"x":1190,"y":1191,"width":1192,"height":1193,"rx":1194,"fill":849,"opacity":1183,"stroke":851,"style":839},"230.0","82.0","264.1","16.0","3",[146,1196],{"x":1190,"y":1197,"width":1198,"height":1193,"rx":1194,"fill":836,"opacity":1187,"stroke":838,"style":839},"102.0","48.0",[146,1200],{"x":1190,"y":1201,"width":1202,"height":1193,"rx":1194,"fill":849,"opacity":1183,"stroke":851,"style":839},"134.0","468.2",[146,1204],{"x":1190,"y":1205,"width":1206,"height":1193,"rx":1194,"fill":836,"opacity":1187,"stroke":838,"style":839},"154.0","60.0",[174,1208],{"d":1209,"fill":177,"stroke":178,"style":166},"M230.0 78.0 L230.0 176.0",[198,1211,1212],{"x":200,"y":201,"fill":202,"style":203},"Field CLS before and after",[198,1214,1083],{"x":1215,"y":1206,"fill":178,"style":1216},"326.8","font-size:12px;text-anchor:start",[198,1218,1086],{"x":1219,"y":1206,"fill":178,"style":1216},"418.4",[198,1221,1224],{"x":1222,"y":1223,"fill":202,"style":1216},"20.0","105.2","CLS p75",[198,1226,82],{"x":1227,"y":1228,"fill":1229,"style":1230},"501.1","94.5","#b32b30","font-size:11.5px;text-anchor:start;font-weight:700",[198,1232,93],{"x":1233,"y":1234,"fill":1235,"style":1230},"285.0","114.5","#3f6410",[198,1237,1238],{"x":1222,"y":867,"fill":202,"style":1216},"Views with CLS > 0.1 (%)",[198,1240,1243],{"x":1241,"y":1242,"fill":1229,"style":1230},"705.2","146.5","39",[198,1245,246],{"x":1246,"y":1247,"fill":1235,"style":1230},"297.0","166.5",[254,1249,1250],{},"web-vitals RUM, four weeks before and four weeks after the change.",[14,1252,1253,1254,1258],{},"Processing every image added about a minute to cold builds, mostly recovered with the image cache restored in CI, as in ",[37,1255,1257],{"href":1256},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fcaching-processed-images-between-builds\u002F","Caching Processed Images Between Builds",". The 66% reduction in image bytes came free with the processing.",[14,1260,1261],{},"Lighthouse's lab CLS, which had looked fine before, did not change measurably; the improvement was entirely in the field, where real connections and scrolling had exposed the problem.",[48,1263,1265],{"id":1264},"pitfalls-rollback","Pitfalls & Rollback",[1267,1268,1269,1280,1288,1294,1300],"ul",{},[1270,1271,1272,1276,1277,1279],"li",{},[1273,1274,1275],"strong",{},"Absolute paths in Astro."," Images in ",[17,1278,285],{}," are not processed; move them or add a plugin.",[1270,1281,1282,1287],{},[1273,1283,1284,1285,46],{},"Fixed dimensions without ",[17,1286,1005],{}," Images become stretched or rigid.",[1270,1289,1290,1293],{},[1273,1291,1292],{},"Relying on lazy loading."," It moves the shift later; it does not prevent it.",[1270,1295,1296,1299],{},[1273,1297,1298],{},"Forgetting external images."," Download them or reserve their aspect ratio.",[1270,1301,1302,1305,1306,1308],{},[1273,1303,1304],{},"Rollback:"," each generator change is one plugin or hook; removing it restores plain ",[17,1307,580],{}," output, and the CI scan will report it.",[48,1310,1312],{"id":1311},"conclusion","Conclusion",[14,1314,1315],{},"Markdown images shift pages because Markdown has no syntax for dimensions, so the generator must add them. Astro does it for processed images, Eleventy's image transform does it for all, and Hugo does it in an image render hook; external images need downloading or an explicit aspect ratio. Adding dimensions to 5,380 images took mobile CLS on docs pages from 0.22 to 0.04, and a 2-second CI scan keeps new images from regressing it.",[48,1317,1319],{"id":1318},"faq","FAQ",[1321,1322,1324],"h3",{"id":1323},"why-do-markdown-images-cause-layout-shift","Why do Markdown images cause layout shift?",[14,1326,1327],{},"Markdown image syntax has no width or height, so the generated img element has none either. The browser does not know the image's size until it downloads enough of the file, so it lays out the text with zero height for the image, then moves everything below when the image arrives. With width and height attributes the browser reserves the right space from the first frame.",[1321,1329,1331],{"id":1330},"do-width-and-height-attributes-make-images-fixed-size","Do width and height attributes make images fixed-size?",[14,1333,1334],{},"No. With CSS such as max-width 100 percent and height auto, the attributes only provide the aspect ratio, and the image scales responsively. Modern browsers use the attributes to compute an aspect-ratio for the box before the image loads, which is what prevents the shift.",[1321,1336,1338],{"id":1337},"what-about-images-from-external-urls-in-markdown","What about images from external URLs in Markdown?",[14,1340,1341],{},"Their dimensions are not known at build time without fetching them. Either download and process them during the build, which also lets you optimise them, or fetch only their headers to read dimensions with a library such as probe-image-size, caching the results between builds. Unknown external images are a common remaining cause of shift.",[1321,1343,1345],{"id":1344},"does-lazy-loading-prevent-this-layout-shift","Does lazy loading prevent this layout shift?",[14,1347,1348],{},"No. Lazy loading delays when the image downloads, but without dimensions the space is still zero until it arrives, so the shift happens later, often while the reader is scrolling, which still counts toward CLS. 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Risk",{"path":1800,"title":1801},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fssg-framework-selection-matrix\u002Fssg-selection-checklist-for-engineering-teams","SSG Selection Checklist for Engineering Teams",{"path":1803,"title":1804},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fssg-framework-selection-matrix\u002Ftotal-cost-of-ownership-for-static-site-generators","Total Cost of Ownership for Static Site Generators",{"path":1806,"title":1807},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fssg-framework-selection-matrix\u002Fwhen-a-static-site-generator-is-the-wrong-choice","When a Static Site Generator Is the Wrong Choice",{"path":1809,"title":1810},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fadding-json-ld-structured-data-at-build-time","Adding JSON-LD Structured Data at Build Time",{"path":1812,"title":1813},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fcanonical-urls-and-duplicate-content-on-static-sites","Canonical URLs and Duplicate Content on Static Sites",{"path":1815,"title":1816},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-pages-crawled-but-not-indexed-on-static-sites","Fixing Pages Crawled but Not Indexed on Static Sites",{"path":1818,"title":1819},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-soft-404s-on-static-hosts","Fixing Soft 404s on Static Hosts",{"path":1821,"title":1822},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fgenerating-breadcrumb-structured-data-in-astro","Generating Breadcrumb Structured Data in Astro",{"path":1824,"title":1825},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fgenerating-sitemaps-for-large-static-sites","Generating Sitemaps for Large Static Sites",{"path":1827,"title":1828},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites","Technical SEO for Static Sites",{"path":1830,"title":1831},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Frobots-txt-and-noindex-for-preview-and-staging","robots.txt and noindex for Preview and Staging",{"path":1833,"title":1834},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Frss-and-atom-feeds-for-static-blogs","RSS and Atom Feeds for Static Blogs",{"path":1836,"title":1837},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fseo-safe-pagination-and-tag-pages","SEO-Safe 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Sites",{"path":1851,"title":1852},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-keys-and-query-strings-on-cdns","Cache Keys and Query Strings on CDNs",{"path":1854,"title":1855},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcaching-404s-and-redirects-at-the-edge","Caching 404s and Redirects at the Edge",{"path":1857,"title":1858},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcloudflare-vs-cloudfront-cache-hit-ratios-for-static-sites","Cloudflare vs CloudFront Cache Hit Ratios for Static Sites",{"path":1860,"title":1861},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Ffixing-stale-html-after-deploys-on-cloudflare","Fixing Stale HTML After Deploys on Cloudflare",{"path":1863,"title":1864},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs","CDN Caching Rules 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HTML",{"path":1878,"title":1879},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Ftiered-caching-and-origin-shield","Tiered Caching and Origin Shield",{"path":1881,"title":1882},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fcode-splitting-and-module-preload-in-vite-based-ssgs","Code Splitting and Module Preload in Vite-Based SSGs",{"path":1884,"title":1885},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Ffixing-missing-tailwind-classes-in-production-builds","Fixing Missing Tailwind Classes in Production Builds",{"path":1887,"title":1888},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Ffixing-unused-javascript-warnings-on-static-pages","Fixing Unused JavaScript Warnings on Static Pages",{"path":1890,"title":1891},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization","CSS and JavaScript Asset Optimization",{"path":1893,"title":1894},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Finlining-critical-css-on-static-sites","Inlining Critical CSS on Static Sites",{"path":1896,"title":1897},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fkeeping-tailwind-css-output-small-on-static-sites","Keeping Tailwind CSS Output Small on Static Sites",{"path":1899,"title":1900},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fminifying-html-css-and-js-in-eleventy","Minifying HTML, CSS and JS in Eleventy",{"path":1902,"title":1903},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fprecompressing-assets-with-brotli-and-zstd","Precompressing Assets with Brotli and Zstd",{"path":1905,"title":1906},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fpurging-unused-css-with-tailwind-and-lightningcss","Purging Unused CSS with Tailwind and Lightning CSS",{"path":1908,"title":1909},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fsvg-icon-sprites-vs-inline-icons","SVG Icon Sprites vs Inline Icons",{"path":1911,"title":1912},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Ftailwind-v4-in-astro-without-postcss-plugins","Tailwind v4 in Astro Without PostCSS 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Rendering",{"path":2035,"title":2036},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fmeasuring-inp-on-static-sites-with-real-user-monitoring","Measuring INP on Static Sites with RUM",{"path":2038,"title":2039},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fpreact-vs-react-islands-bundle-size","Preact vs React Islands Bundle Size",{"path":2041,"title":2042},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Freplacing-react-islands-with-web-components","Replacing React Islands with Web Components",{"path":2044,"title":2045},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fserver-islands-in-astro","Server Islands in Astro",{"path":2047,"title":2048},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Feliminating-render-blocking-css-on-static-sites","Eliminating Render-Blocking CSS on Static Sites",{"path":2050,"title":2051},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-lcp-on-text-heavy-documentation-pages","Fixing LCP on Text-Heavy Documentation Pages",{"path":2053,"title":2054},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-lcp-regressions-caused-by-cookie-consent-tools","Fixing LCP Regressions Caused by Cookie Consent Tools",{"path":2056,"title":2057},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-lcp-when-the-hero-is-a-background-image","Fixing LCP When the Hero Is a Background Image",{"path":2059,"title":2060},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-slow-lcp-on-pages-with-embedded-video","Fixing Slow LCP on Pages With Embedded Video",{"path":2062,"title":2063},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Fimproving-ttfb-for-static-html","Improving TTFB for Static HTML",{"path":2065,"title":2066},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites","Largest Contentful Paint Optimization for Static Sites",{"path":2068,"title":2069},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Fmeasuring-lcp-subparts-with-devtools","Measuring LCP Subparts with DevTools",{"path":2071,"title":2072},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Foptimizing-lcp-on-astro-with-priority-hints","Optimizing LCP on Astro with Priority Hints",{"path":2074,"title":2075},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Freducing-lcp-from-hero-images-on-static-sites","Reducing LCP from Hero Images on Static Sites",{"path":2077,"title":2078},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Fcomparing-lab-and-field-data-with-crux","Comparing Lab and Field Data with CrUX",{"path":2080,"title":2081},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci","Performance Budgets and Lighthouse 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Sites",{"path":2134,"title":2135},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fprefetching-links-in-astro","Prefetching Links in Astro",{"path":2137,"title":2138},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fview-transitions-in-astro-without-hurting-vitals","View Transitions in Astro Without Hurting Vitals",{"path":2140,"title":2141},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fview-transitions-on-multi-page-static-sites","View Transitions on Multi-Page Static Sites",{"path":2143,"title":2144},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Fauditing-third-party-scripts-with-lighthouse","Auditing Third-Party Scripts With 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Sites",{"path":2158,"title":2159},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Floading-google-tag-manager-without-hurting-inp","Loading Google Tag Manager Without Hurting INP",{"path":2161,"title":2162},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Fmeasuring-third-party-cost-with-request-blocking","Measuring Third-Party Cost with Request Blocking",{"path":2164,"title":2165},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Fprivacy-friendly-analytics-compared-by-page-weight","Privacy-Friendly Analytics Compared by Page Weight",{"path":2167,"title":2168},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Frunning-third-party-scripts-in-a-web-worker-with-partytown","Running Third-Party Scripts in a Web Worker with Partytown",{"path":2170,"title":2171},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Fself-hosting-analytics-to-cut-third-party-requests","Self-Hosting Analytics to Cut Third-Party Requests",{"path":2173,"title":2174},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fcloudflare-pages-edge-caching-setup\u002Fautomating-eleventy-deployments-with-cloudflare-pages","Automating Eleventy Deployments on Cloudflare Pages",{"path":2176,"title":2177},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fcloudflare-pages-edge-caching-setup\u002Fbranch-deploy-controls-on-cloudflare-pages","Branch Deploy Controls on Cloudflare Pages",{"path":2179,"title":2180},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fcloudflare-pages-edge-caching-setup\u002Fcloudflare-pages-functions-middleware","Cloudflare Pages Functions 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