[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2574},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page:\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fcanonical-urls-and-duplicate-content-on-static-sites":3,"all-docs-nav":1430,"filed:\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fcanonical-urls-and-duplicate-content-on-static-sites":2568},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"breadcrumb":1406,"dateModified":1415,"datePublished":1415,"description":1416,"extension":1417,"faq":1418,"meta":1423,"navigation":1424,"path":1425,"seo":1426,"slug":12,"stem":1427,"type":1428,"__hash__":1429},"content\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fcanonical-urls-and-duplicate-content-on-static-sites\u002Findex.md","Canonical URLs and Duplicate Content on Static Sites",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1387},"minimark",[9,13,34,43,48,76,80,83,218,239,390,394,407,503,515,519,531,538,563,567,574,601,611,626,746,750,756,1023,1026,1030,1041,1065,1071,1077,1080,1084,1087,1160,1257,1261,1300,1304,1307,1311,1316,1319,1323,1326,1330,1333,1337,1340,1344,1383],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"canonical-urls-and-duplicate-content-on-static-sites",[14,15,16,17,21,22,25,26,29,30,33],"p",{},"Static sites are prone to a quiet kind of duplication. Nothing is dynamically generated, yet the same page is often reachable at five or more URLs: with and without a trailing slash, with ",[18,19,20],"code",{},"index.html"," appended, on ",[18,23,24],{},"www"," and the apex domain, over HTTP, on a ",[18,27,28],{},"*.pages.dev"," or ",[18,31,32],{},"*.netlify.app"," host, and at a pre-migration path someone copied instead of redirecting. Each variant splits links and ranking signals, and search engines sometimes pick a canonical you did not intend — an ugly one, or one on the preview host.",[14,35,36,37,42],{},"This guide makes every page on a static site answer at exactly one URL and declare it. It covers choosing a trailing-slash policy, redirecting variants at the host, generating self-referencing canonicals from configuration, and a CI check that keeps the three consistent. It is part of ",[38,39,41],"a",{"href":40},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002F","Technical SEO for Static Sites",". The measurements come from an Eleventy blog of 1,240 posts that had been migrated from Jekyll two years earlier.",[44,45,47],"h2",{"id":46},"prerequisites","Prerequisites",[49,50,51,66,73],"ul",{},[52,53,54,55,58,59,58,62,65],"li",{},"Access to the host's redirect and header configuration (",[18,56,57],{},"_redirects",", ",[18,60,61],{},"netlify.toml",[18,63,64],{},"vercel.json",", Workers config, or server config when self-hosting).",[52,67,68,69,72],{},"A crawler that reports duplicate content — Screaming Frog, Sitebulb or the free ",[18,70,71],{},"linkinator"," with a custom script.",[52,74,75],{},"Search Console access to read the page indexing report.",[44,77,79],{"id":78},"step-1-find-the-variants","Step 1: Find the Variants",[14,81,82],{},"Crawl the live site with the crawler set to follow redirects and report canonicals. Then request the obvious variants of a sample of URLs directly:",[84,85,90],"pre",{"className":86,"code":87,"language":88,"meta":89,"style":89},"language-bash shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","for u in \\\n  https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fposts\u002Fcss-grid\u002F \\\n  https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fposts\u002Fcss-grid \\\n  https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fposts\u002Fcss-grid\u002Findex.html \\\n  https:\u002F\u002Fwww.example.com\u002Fposts\u002Fcss-grid\u002F \\\n  http:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fposts\u002Fcss-grid\u002F \\\n  https:\u002F\u002Fexample-blog.pages.dev\u002Fposts\u002Fcss-grid\u002F ; do\n  printf '%-58s ' \"$u\"; curl -s -o \u002Fdev\u002Fnull -w '%{http_code} %{redirect_url}\\n' \"$u\"\ndone\n","bash","",[18,91,92,111,120,128,136,144,152,164,212],{"__ignoreMap":89},[93,94,97,101,105,108],"span",{"class":95,"line":96},"line",1,[93,98,100],{"class":99},"szBVR","for",[93,102,104],{"class":103},"sVt8B"," u ",[93,106,107],{"class":99},"in",[93,109,110],{"class":103}," \\\n",[93,112,114,118],{"class":95,"line":113},2,[93,115,117],{"class":116},"sZZnC","  https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fposts\u002Fcss-grid\u002F",[93,119,110],{"class":103},[93,121,123,126],{"class":95,"line":122},3,[93,124,125],{"class":116},"  https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fposts\u002Fcss-grid",[93,127,110],{"class":103},[93,129,131,134],{"class":95,"line":130},4,[93,132,133],{"class":116},"  https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fposts\u002Fcss-grid\u002Findex.html",[93,135,110],{"class":103},[93,137,139,142],{"class":95,"line":138},5,[93,140,141],{"class":116},"  https:\u002F\u002Fwww.example.com\u002Fposts\u002Fcss-grid\u002F",[93,143,110],{"class":103},[93,145,147,150],{"class":95,"line":146},6,[93,148,149],{"class":116},"  http:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fposts\u002Fcss-grid\u002F",[93,151,110],{"class":103},[93,153,155,158,161],{"class":95,"line":154},7,[93,156,157],{"class":116},"  https:\u002F\u002Fexample-blog.pages.dev\u002Fposts\u002Fcss-grid\u002F",[93,159,160],{"class":103}," ; ",[93,162,163],{"class":99},"do\n",[93,165,167,171,174,177,180,183,186,190,193,196,199,202,205,207,209],{"class":95,"line":166},8,[93,168,170],{"class":169},"sj4cs","  printf",[93,172,173],{"class":116}," '%-58s '",[93,175,176],{"class":116}," \"",[93,178,179],{"class":103},"$u",[93,181,182],{"class":116},"\"",[93,184,185],{"class":103},"; ",[93,187,189],{"class":188},"sScJk","curl",[93,191,192],{"class":169}," -s",[93,194,195],{"class":169}," -o",[93,197,198],{"class":116}," \u002Fdev\u002Fnull",[93,200,201],{"class":169}," -w",[93,203,204],{"class":116}," '%{http_code} %{redirect_url}\\n'",[93,206,176],{"class":116},[93,208,179],{"class":103},[93,210,211],{"class":116},"\"\n",[93,213,215],{"class":95,"line":214},9,[93,216,217],{"class":99},"done\n",[14,219,220,221,224,225,228,229,231,232,234,235,238],{},"On the blog, four of the six variants returned ",[18,222,223],{},"200"," with identical content. The host resolved ",[18,226,227],{},"\u002Fposts\u002Fcss-grid"," to the directory's ",[18,230,20],{}," without redirecting, ",[18,233,20],{}," was served directly, and the ",[18,236,237],{},"pages.dev"," host was fully public. Screaming Frog found 312 slash\u002Fno-slash pairs where both had been linked from somewhere, and Search Console listed 287 URLs as \"Duplicate, Google chose different canonical than user\".",[240,241,242,386],"figure",{},[243,244,251,252,251,256,251,260,251,267,251,371],"svg",{"viewBox":245,"role":246,"ariaLabelledBy":247,"xmlns":250},"0 0 760 383","img",[248,249],"can-var-title","can-var-desc","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg","\n  ",[253,254,255],"title",{"id":248},"URL variants of one page and how each should be handled",[257,258,259],"desc",{"id":249},"Six variants of the same page. The canonical https apex URL with a trailing slash returns 200. The no-slash variant, index.html variant, www host and http scheme should each 301 to the canonical. The pages.dev preview host should send noindex and ideally redirect or require authentication.",[261,262],"rect",{"x":263,"y":263,"width":264,"height":265,"fill":266},"0","760","383","#ffffff",[268,269,271,272,271,283,271,290,271,296,271,299,271,302,271,305,271,311,271,319,271,325,271,330,271,336,271,340,271,344,271,348,271,352,271,356,271,359,271,363,271,367,251],"g",{"style":270},"font-family:system-ui, sans-serif;font-size:12px","\n    ",[261,273],{"x":274,"y":275,"width":276,"height":277,"rx":278,"fill":279,"opacity":280,"stroke":281,"style":282},"40.0","60.0","440.0","57.2","8","#8ac926","0.2","#5a8a16","stroke-width:1.5px",[284,285],"path",{"d":286,"fill":287,"stroke":288,"style":289},"M260.0 119.2 L260.0 139.2","none","#556071","stroke-width:2px;marker-end:url(#can-var-arrow)",[261,291],{"x":274,"y":292,"width":276,"height":277,"rx":278,"fill":293,"opacity":294,"stroke":295,"style":282},"143.2","#ffca3a","0.24","#a97b00",[284,297],{"d":298,"fill":287,"stroke":288,"style":289},"M260.0 202.4 L260.0 222.4",[261,300],{"x":274,"y":301,"width":276,"height":277,"rx":278,"fill":293,"opacity":294,"stroke":295,"style":282},"226.4",[284,303],{"d":304,"fill":287,"stroke":288,"style":289},"M260.0 285.6 L260.0 305.6",[261,306],{"x":274,"y":307,"width":276,"height":277,"rx":278,"fill":308,"opacity":309,"stroke":310,"style":282},"309.6","#ff595e","0.12","#d83b41",[312,313,318],"text",{"x":314,"y":315,"fill":316,"style":317},"380.0","30.0","#1f2937","font-size:16px;text-anchor:middle;font-weight:700","Six URLs, one page",[312,320,324],{"x":321,"y":322,"fill":316,"style":323},"260.0","86.4","font-size:13px;text-anchor:middle;font-weight:700","https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fposts\u002Fcss-grid\u002F",[312,326,329],{"x":321,"y":327,"fill":288,"style":328},"103.3","font-size:11px;text-anchor:middle","canonical",[312,331,335],{"x":332,"y":333,"fill":288,"style":334},"504.0","92.6","font-size:11.5px;text-anchor:start","200, self canonical",[312,337,339],{"x":321,"y":338,"fill":316,"style":323},"169.5","...\u002Fcss-grid (no slash) and ...\u002Findex.html",[312,341,343],{"x":321,"y":342,"fill":288,"style":328},"186.4","host-resolved variants",[312,345,347],{"x":332,"y":346,"fill":288,"style":334},"175.8","301 to canonical",[312,349,351],{"x":321,"y":350,"fill":316,"style":323},"252.7","www.example.com and http:\u002F\u002F",[312,353,355],{"x":321,"y":354,"fill":288,"style":328},"269.6","host and scheme variants",[312,357,347],{"x":332,"y":358,"fill":288,"style":334},"259.0",[312,360,362],{"x":321,"y":361,"fill":316,"style":323},"335.9","example-blog.pages.dev",[312,364,366],{"x":321,"y":365,"fill":288,"style":328},"352.8","platform host",[312,368,370],{"x":332,"y":369,"fill":288,"style":334},"342.2","noindex header, redirect",[372,373,271,374,251],"defs",{},[375,376,382,383,271],"marker",{"id":377,"viewBox":378,"refX":278,"refY":379,"markerWidth":380,"markerHeight":380,"orient":381},"can-var-arrow","0 0 10 10","5","7","auto-start-reverse","\n      ",[284,384],{"d":385,"fill":288},"M0 0 L10 5 L0 10 z",[387,388,389],"figcaption",{},"Before the fix, four of these six returned 200 with identical content.",[44,391,393],{"id":392},"step-2-choose-one-trailing-slash-policy","Step 2: Choose One Trailing-Slash Policy",[14,395,396,397,400,401,403,404,406],{},"Pick directory-style URLs with a trailing slash (",[18,398,399],{},"\u002Fposts\u002Fcss-grid\u002F",") or file-style without (",[18,402,227],{},"). Directory style maps naturally onto ",[18,405,20],{}," files and is what Hugo, Eleventy and Astro produce by default. Then make every layer agree:",[408,409,410,423],"table",{},[411,412,413],"thead",{},[414,415,416,420],"tr",{},[417,418,419],"th",{},"Layer",[417,421,422],{},"Setting for trailing slash",[424,425,426,440,451,462,472,483,491],"tbody",{},[414,427,428,432],{},[429,430,431],"td",{},"Astro",[429,433,434,58,437],{},[18,435,436],{},"trailingSlash: 'always'",[18,438,439],{},"build.format: 'directory'",[414,441,442,445],{},[429,443,444],{},"Eleventy",[429,446,447,448],{},"default permalinks end in ",[18,449,450],{},"\u002F",[414,452,453,456],{},[429,454,455],{},"Hugo",[429,457,458,459],{},"default; avoid ",[18,460,461],{},"uglyURLs = true",[414,463,464,467],{},[429,465,466],{},"Next.js export",[429,468,469],{},[18,470,471],{},"trailingSlash: true",[414,473,474,477],{},[429,475,476],{},"Cloudflare Workers assets",[429,478,479,482],{},[18,480,481],{},"html_handling = \"auto-trailing-slash\""," (default)",[414,484,485,488],{},[429,486,487],{},"Netlify",[429,489,490],{},"Pretty URLs on (default)",[414,492,493,496],{},[429,494,495],{},"S3 + CloudFront",[429,497,498,499],{},"a viewer-request function, as in ",[38,500,502],{"href":501},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fself-hosting-static-sites\u002Fclean-urls-and-trailing-slashes-on-s3\u002F","Clean URLs and Trailing Slashes on S3",[14,504,505,506,509,510,514],{},"Internal links must match too. A Markdown link written as ",[18,507,508],{},"[grid](\u002Fposts\u002Fcss-grid)"," produces a redirect hop on every click and a mixed signal for crawlers. A link checker that treats redirects as warnings, as in ",[38,511,513],{"href":512},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fcontent-workflows-for-documentation-teams\u002Fchecking-links-in-pull-requests\u002F","Checking Links in Pull Requests",", finds them; on the blog it found 1,106 internal links missing the slash.",[44,516,518],{"id":517},"step-3-redirect-variants-at-the-host","Step 3: Redirect Variants at the Host",[14,520,521,522,524,525,527,528,530],{},"Host and scheme variants are redirected once for the whole zone. On Cloudflare, a single redirect rule sends ",[18,523,24],{}," to the apex preserving path and query; \"Always Use HTTPS\" handles the scheme. On Netlify, ",[18,526,57],{}," handles ",[18,529,24],{}," when both domains are attached:",[84,532,536],{"className":533,"code":535,"language":312,"meta":89},[534],"language-text","# _redirects (Netlify)\nhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.example.com\u002F*   https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002F:splat   301!\n\u002F*\u002Findex.html               \u002F:splat\u002F                     301\n",[18,537,535],{"__ignoreMap":89},[14,539,540,541,29,543,545,546,549,550,553,554,557,558,562],{},"Platform hosts such as ",[18,542,28],{},[18,544,32],{}," cannot usually be turned off, but they can be told not to be indexed. Send ",[18,547,548],{},"X-Robots-Tag: noindex"," for requests whose ",[18,551,552],{},"Host"," is not the production domain — on Cloudflare Workers, in the Worker; on Netlify, with a ",[18,555,556],{},"_headers"," rule scoped to the deploy context. ",[38,559,561],{"href":560},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Frobots-txt-and-noindex-for-preview-and-staging\u002F","robots.txt and noindex for Preview and Staging"," has complete examples.",[44,564,566],{"id":565},"step-4-emit-canonicals-from-configuration","Step 4: Emit Canonicals From Configuration",[14,568,569,570,573],{},"Every indexable page gets ",[18,571,572],{},"\u003Clink rel=\"canonical\">"," pointing at its own preferred URL, built from the configured production origin — never from the request, never relative:",[84,575,579],{"className":576,"code":577,"language":578,"meta":89,"style":89},"language-njk shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","{# _includes\u002Fbase.njk #}\n{% set canonical = canonicalOverride or (site.url + page.url) %}\n\u003Clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"{{ canonical }}\">\n\u003Cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"{{ canonical }}\">\n","njk",[18,580,581,586,591,596],{"__ignoreMap":89},[93,582,583],{"class":95,"line":96},[93,584,585],{},"{# _includes\u002Fbase.njk #}\n",[93,587,588],{"class":95,"line":113},[93,589,590],{},"{% set canonical = canonicalOverride or (site.url + page.url) %}\n",[93,592,593],{"class":95,"line":122},[93,594,595],{},"\u003Clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"{{ canonical }}\">\n",[93,597,598],{"class":95,"line":130},[93,599,600],{},"\u003Cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"{{ canonical }}\">\n",[14,602,603,606,607,610],{},[18,604,605],{},"site.url"," comes from a global data file and is always the production origin, so a preview deploy's canonical points at production. ",[18,608,609],{},"canonicalOverride"," exists for the rare legitimate case — a post syndicated from another site, where the canonical points at the original.",[14,612,613,614,617,618,621,622,625],{},"Keep ",[18,615,616],{},"og:url",", the sitemap ",[18,619,620],{},"\u003Cloc>",", JSON-LD ",[18,623,624],{},"mainEntityOfPage"," and hreflang alternates derived from the same value. When they disagree, search engines have to guess.",[240,627,628,743],{},[243,629,251,634,251,637,251,640,251,643,251,736],{"viewBox":630,"role":246,"ariaLabelledBy":631,"xmlns":250},"0 0 760 168",[632,633],"can-src-title","can-src-desc",[253,635,636],{"id":632},"Canonical URL as the single source for all URL references",[257,638,639],{"id":633},"The configured production origin plus the page path produce the canonical URL. That single value feeds the canonical link element, og:url, the sitemap loc entry, the JSON-LD mainEntityOfPage and hreflang alternates. A CI check compares them on every page.",[261,641],{"x":263,"y":263,"width":264,"height":642,"fill":266},"168",[268,644,271,645,271,653,271,657,271,661,271,664,271,667,271,670,271,673,271,676,271,679,271,682,271,687,271,691,271,695,271,699,271,704,271,708,271,712,271,716,271,720,271,724,271,726,271,730,271,733,251],{"style":270},[261,646],{"x":647,"y":648,"width":649,"height":650,"rx":278,"fill":651,"opacity":652,"stroke":651,"style":282},"20.0","64.0","116.8","88.4","#6a4c93","0.14",[261,654],{"x":655,"y":648,"width":649,"height":650,"rx":278,"fill":656,"opacity":652,"stroke":656,"style":282},"170.8","#1982c4",[284,658],{"d":659,"fill":287,"stroke":288,"style":660},"M138.8 108.2 L166.8 108.2","stroke-width:2px;marker-end:url(#can-src-arrow)",[261,662],{"x":663,"y":648,"width":649,"height":650,"rx":278,"fill":656,"opacity":652,"stroke":656,"style":282},"321.6",[284,665],{"d":666,"fill":287,"stroke":288,"style":660},"M289.6 108.2 L317.6 108.2",[261,668],{"x":669,"y":648,"width":649,"height":650,"rx":278,"fill":656,"opacity":652,"stroke":656,"style":282},"472.4",[284,671],{"d":672,"fill":287,"stroke":288,"style":660},"M440.4 108.2 L468.4 108.2",[261,674],{"x":675,"y":648,"width":649,"height":650,"rx":278,"fill":279,"opacity":280,"stroke":281,"style":282},"623.2",[284,677],{"d":678,"fill":287,"stroke":288,"style":660},"M591.2 108.2 L619.2 108.2",[312,680,681],{"x":314,"y":315,"fill":316,"style":317},"One value feeds every URL signal",[312,683,686],{"x":684,"y":685,"fill":316,"style":323},"78.4","90.4","site.url +",[312,688,690],{"x":684,"y":689,"fill":316,"style":323},"107.3","page.url",[312,692,694],{"x":684,"y":693,"fill":288,"style":328},"124.2","production origin",[312,696,698],{"x":684,"y":697,"fill":288,"style":328},"138.5","from config",[312,700,703],{"x":701,"y":702,"fill":316,"style":323},"229.2","106.0","rel=canonical",[312,705,707],{"x":701,"y":706,"fill":288,"style":328},"122.9","in every page head",[312,709,711],{"x":314,"y":710,"fill":316,"style":323},"97.5","og:url and",[312,713,715],{"x":314,"y":714,"fill":316,"style":323},"114.4","JSON-LD",[312,717,719],{"x":314,"y":718,"fill":288,"style":328},"131.3","same string",[312,721,723],{"x":722,"y":702,"fill":316,"style":323},"530.8","Sitemap loc",[312,725,719],{"x":722,"y":706,"fill":288,"style":328},[312,727,729],{"x":728,"y":710,"fill":316,"style":323},"681.6","CI",[312,731,732],{"x":728,"y":714,"fill":316,"style":323},"comparison",[312,734,735],{"x":728,"y":718,"fill":288,"style":328},"all four equal",[372,737,271,738,251],{},[375,739,382,741,271],{"id":740,"viewBox":378,"refX":278,"refY":379,"markerWidth":380,"markerHeight":380,"orient":381},"can-src-arrow",[284,742],{"d":385,"fill":288},[387,744,745],{},"Deriving every URL signal from one computed value is what keeps them from drifting apart after template edits.",[44,747,749],{"id":748},"step-5-check-it-in-ci","Step 5: Check It in CI",[14,751,752,753,755],{},"A check over the built HTML asserts, for every page: exactly one canonical; it is absolute and on the production origin; it equals the page's own URL (unless the page is in an allowlist of intentional overrides); and ",[18,754,616],{}," equals it. A second check runs the link checker in redirect-as-error mode on internal links.",[84,757,761],{"className":758,"code":759,"language":760,"meta":89,"style":89},"language-js shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","for (const file of htmlFiles) {\n  const html = parse(await readFile(file, 'utf8'));\n  const links = html.querySelectorAll('link[rel=canonical]');\n  const own = ORIGIN + urlFromFile(file);\n  if (links.length !== 1) fail(file, `found ${links.length} canonicals`);\n  const href = links[0]?.getAttribute('href');\n  if (href !== own && !OVERRIDES.has(own)) fail(file, `canonical ${href} != ${own}`);\n  if (html.querySelector('meta[property=\"og:url\"]')?.getAttribute('content') !== href) fail(file, 'og:url mismatch');\n}\n","js",[18,762,763,782,814,837,858,899,926,977,1018],{"__ignoreMap":89},[93,764,765,767,770,773,776,779],{"class":95,"line":96},[93,766,100],{"class":99},[93,768,769],{"class":103}," (",[93,771,772],{"class":99},"const",[93,774,775],{"class":169}," file",[93,777,778],{"class":99}," of",[93,780,781],{"class":103}," htmlFiles) {\n",[93,783,784,787,790,793,796,799,802,805,808,811],{"class":95,"line":113},[93,785,786],{"class":99},"  const",[93,788,789],{"class":169}," html",[93,791,792],{"class":99}," =",[93,794,795],{"class":188}," parse",[93,797,798],{"class":103},"(",[93,800,801],{"class":99},"await",[93,803,804],{"class":188}," readFile",[93,806,807],{"class":103},"(file, ",[93,809,810],{"class":116},"'utf8'",[93,812,813],{"class":103},"));\n",[93,815,816,818,821,823,826,829,831,834],{"class":95,"line":122},[93,817,786],{"class":99},[93,819,820],{"class":169}," links",[93,822,792],{"class":99},[93,824,825],{"class":103}," html.",[93,827,828],{"class":188},"querySelectorAll",[93,830,798],{"class":103},[93,832,833],{"class":116},"'link[rel=canonical]'",[93,835,836],{"class":103},");\n",[93,838,839,841,844,846,849,852,855],{"class":95,"line":130},[93,840,786],{"class":99},[93,842,843],{"class":169}," own",[93,845,792],{"class":99},[93,847,848],{"class":169}," ORIGIN",[93,850,851],{"class":99}," +",[93,853,854],{"class":188}," urlFromFile",[93,856,857],{"class":103},"(file);\n",[93,859,860,863,866,869,872,875,878,881,883,886,889,892,894,897],{"class":95,"line":138},[93,861,862],{"class":99},"  if",[93,864,865],{"class":103}," (links.",[93,867,868],{"class":169},"length",[93,870,871],{"class":99}," !==",[93,873,874],{"class":169}," 1",[93,876,877],{"class":103},") ",[93,879,880],{"class":188},"fail",[93,882,807],{"class":103},[93,884,885],{"class":116},"`found ${",[93,887,888],{"class":103},"links",[93,890,891],{"class":116},".",[93,893,868],{"class":169},[93,895,896],{"class":116},"} canonicals`",[93,898,836],{"class":103},[93,900,901,903,906,908,911,913,916,919,921,924],{"class":95,"line":146},[93,902,786],{"class":99},[93,904,905],{"class":169}," href",[93,907,792],{"class":99},[93,909,910],{"class":103}," links[",[93,912,263],{"class":169},[93,914,915],{"class":103},"]?.",[93,917,918],{"class":188},"getAttribute",[93,920,798],{"class":103},[93,922,923],{"class":116},"'href'",[93,925,836],{"class":103},[93,927,928,930,933,936,939,942,945,948,950,953,956,958,960,963,966,969,972,975],{"class":95,"line":154},[93,929,862],{"class":99},[93,931,932],{"class":103}," (href ",[93,934,935],{"class":99},"!==",[93,937,938],{"class":103}," own ",[93,940,941],{"class":99},"&&",[93,943,944],{"class":99}," !",[93,946,947],{"class":169},"OVERRIDES",[93,949,891],{"class":103},[93,951,952],{"class":188},"has",[93,954,955],{"class":103},"(own)) ",[93,957,880],{"class":188},[93,959,807],{"class":103},[93,961,962],{"class":116},"`canonical ${",[93,964,965],{"class":103},"href",[93,967,968],{"class":116},"} != ${",[93,970,971],{"class":103},"own",[93,973,974],{"class":116},"}`",[93,976,836],{"class":103},[93,978,979,981,984,987,989,992,995,997,999,1002,1004,1006,1009,1011,1013,1016],{"class":95,"line":166},[93,980,862],{"class":99},[93,982,983],{"class":103}," (html.",[93,985,986],{"class":188},"querySelector",[93,988,798],{"class":103},[93,990,991],{"class":116},"'meta[property=\"og:url\"]'",[93,993,994],{"class":103},")?.",[93,996,918],{"class":188},[93,998,798],{"class":103},[93,1000,1001],{"class":116},"'content'",[93,1003,877],{"class":103},[93,1005,935],{"class":99},[93,1007,1008],{"class":103}," href) ",[93,1010,880],{"class":188},[93,1012,807],{"class":103},[93,1014,1015],{"class":116},"'og:url mismatch'",[93,1017,836],{"class":103},[93,1019,1020],{"class":95,"line":214},[93,1021,1022],{"class":103},"}\n",[14,1024,1025],{},"It found one real regression in its first three months: a layout refactor that rendered two canonicals on paginated archive pages.",[44,1027,1029],{"id":1028},"duplicates-you-create-on-purpose","Duplicates You Create on Purpose",[14,1031,1032,1033,1036,1037,1040],{},"Not every duplicate is a mistake. Documentation sites routinely publish the same content in more than one place: a \"latest\" alias for versioned docs (",[18,1034,1035],{},"\u002Fdocs\u002Flatest\u002F"," mirroring ",[18,1038,1039],{},"\u002Fdocs\u002Fv4\u002F","), a printable single-page version of a guide, an AMP or plain-text variant, a post cross-posted to a company blog or a platform like dev.to. Each of these needs a deliberate canonical decision rather than the default.",[14,1042,1043,1044,1048,1049,1051,1052,1055,1056,1059,1060,1064],{},"For ",[1045,1046,1047],"strong",{},"version aliases",", point the canonical of every page under ",[18,1050,1035],{}," at the corresponding versioned URL, or — more commonly — make ",[18,1053,1054],{},"latest"," the canonical and have the numbered copy of the current version canonicalize to it, so search results show a URL that does not go stale with each release. Older versions keep self-referencing canonicals but often get ",[18,1057,1058],{},"noindex"," once they are more than one or two majors behind; ",[38,1061,1063],{"href":1062},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fdocs-frameworks-docusaurus-starlight-vitepress\u002Fversioned-documentation-with-docusaurus\u002F","Versioned Documentation with Docusaurus"," discusses the trade-off.",[14,1066,1043,1067,1070],{},[1045,1068,1069],{},"print or single-page versions",", canonicalize to the multi-page original, since that is what readers should land on from search.",[14,1072,1043,1073,1076],{},[1045,1074,1075],{},"syndication",", the copy on the other site should carry a canonical pointing at your original. Platforms such as dev.to and Hashnode have a \"canonical URL\" field for exactly this. When the other site will not add one, publish there a few days after your own post so your version is indexed first, and link back prominently.",[14,1078,1079],{},"The rule in each case is the same: decide which URL you want to appear in search results, and make every copy say so.",[44,1081,1083],{"id":1082},"measured-impact","Measured Impact",[14,1085,1086],{},"Five weeks after the fixes on the Eleventy blog:",[408,1088,1089,1102],{},[411,1090,1091],{},[414,1092,1093,1096,1099],{},[417,1094,1095],{},"Measure",[417,1097,1098],{},"Before",[417,1100,1101],{},"After",[424,1103,1104,1115,1125,1136,1149],{},[414,1105,1106,1109,1112],{},[429,1107,1108],{},"Variants returning 200 per page (sample of 50)",[429,1110,1111],{},"4 of 6",[429,1113,1114],{},"1 of 6",[414,1116,1117,1120,1123],{},[429,1118,1119],{},"Internal links without trailing slash",[429,1121,1122],{},"1,106",[429,1124,263],{},[414,1126,1127,1130,1133],{},[429,1128,1129],{},"Search Console \"Google chose different canonical\"",[429,1131,1132],{},"287",[429,1134,1135],{},"6",[414,1137,1138,1144,1147],{},[429,1139,1140,1141,1143],{},"Pages indexed on ",[18,1142,237],{}," host",[429,1145,1146],{},"41",[429,1148,263],{},[414,1150,1151,1154,1157],{},[429,1152,1153],{},"Organic clicks per week (Search Console)",[429,1155,1156],{},"6,900",[429,1158,1159],{},"7,650",[240,1161,1162,1254],{},[243,1163,251,1168,251,1171,251,1174,251,1177],{"viewBox":1164,"role":246,"ariaLabelledBy":1165,"xmlns":250},"0 0 760 196",[1166,1167],"can-imp-title","can-imp-desc",[253,1169,1170],{"id":1166},"Duplicate-related counts before and after canonical fixes",[257,1172,1173],{"id":1167},"Paired bars. Search Console URLs where Google chose a different canonical fell from 287 to 6. Pages indexed on the pages.dev host fell from 41 to 0.",[261,1175],{"x":263,"y":263,"width":264,"height":1176,"fill":266},"196",[268,1178,271,1179,271,1188,271,1192,271,1199,271,1203,271,1207,271,1211,271,1214,271,1217,271,1221,271,1224,271,1228,271,1231,271,1237,271,1242,271,1246,271,1250,251],{"style":270},[261,1180],{"x":1181,"y":1182,"width":1183,"height":1184,"rx":1185,"fill":308,"opacity":1186,"stroke":310,"style":1187},"306.8","50.0","14.0","12.0","2","0.3","stroke-width:1px",[261,1189],{"x":1190,"y":1182,"width":1183,"height":1184,"rx":1185,"fill":279,"opacity":1191,"stroke":281,"style":1187},"398.4","0.4",[261,1193],{"x":1194,"y":1195,"width":1196,"height":1197,"rx":1198,"fill":308,"opacity":1186,"stroke":310,"style":1187},"230.0","82.0","471.9","16.0","3",[261,1200],{"x":1194,"y":1201,"width":1202,"height":1197,"rx":1198,"fill":279,"opacity":1191,"stroke":281,"style":1187},"102.0","9.9",[261,1204],{"x":1194,"y":1205,"width":1206,"height":1197,"rx":1198,"fill":308,"opacity":1186,"stroke":310,"style":1187},"134.0","67.4",[261,1208],{"x":1194,"y":1209,"width":1210,"height":1197,"rx":1198,"fill":279,"opacity":1191,"stroke":281,"style":1187},"154.0","3.0",[284,1212],{"d":1213,"fill":287,"stroke":288,"style":282},"M230.0 78.0 L230.0 176.0",[312,1215,1216],{"x":314,"y":315,"fill":316,"style":317},"Duplicate signals before and after",[312,1218,1098],{"x":1219,"y":275,"fill":288,"style":1220},"326.8","font-size:12px;text-anchor:start",[312,1222,1101],{"x":1223,"y":275,"fill":288,"style":1220},"418.4",[312,1225,1227],{"x":647,"y":1226,"fill":316,"style":1220},"97.4","Google chose a different",[312,1229,329],{"x":647,"y":1230,"fill":316,"style":1220},"113.0",[312,1232,1132],{"x":1233,"y":1234,"fill":1235,"style":1236},"708.9","94.5","#b32b30","font-size:11.5px;text-anchor:start;font-weight:700",[312,1238,1135],{"x":1239,"y":1240,"fill":1241,"style":1236},"246.9","114.5","#3f6410",[312,1243,1245],{"x":647,"y":1244,"fill":316,"style":1220},"157.2","Pages indexed on pages.dev",[312,1247,1146],{"x":1248,"y":1249,"fill":1235,"style":1236},"304.4","146.5",[312,1251,263],{"x":1252,"y":1253,"fill":1241,"style":1236},"240.0","166.5",[387,1255,1256],{},"The 11% rise in organic clicks over the same period is suggestive rather than proof; nothing else changed on the site.",[44,1258,1260],{"id":1259},"pitfalls-rollback","Pitfalls & Rollback",[49,1262,1263,1269,1275,1288,1294],{},[52,1264,1265,1268],{},[1045,1266,1267],{},"Canonicals to paginated page one."," Page 2 of an archive is not a duplicate of page 1; each page should canonicalize to itself.",[52,1270,1271,1274],{},[1045,1272,1273],{},"Canonical to a redirecting URL."," Search engines treat it as an error; point at the final URL.",[52,1276,1277,1280,1281,1284,1285,891],{},[1045,1278,1279],{},"Canonical in the body."," It must be in ",[18,1282,1283],{},"\u003Chead>","; some Markdown-driven layouts accidentally output it inside ",[18,1286,1287],{},"\u003Cmain>",[52,1289,1290,1293],{},[1045,1291,1292],{},"Mixed-case URLs."," Static hosts are usually case-sensitive; lowercase every generated path.",[52,1295,1296,1299],{},[1045,1297,1298],{},"Rollback:"," canonicals are template output and redirects are host rules; each can be reverted independently. Remove redirects first if a policy change goes wrong, because redirects are cached by browsers.",[44,1301,1303],{"id":1302},"conclusion","Conclusion",[14,1305,1306],{},"Duplicate content on a static site is almost always a policy mismatch between the generator, the links, the host and the canonical tags. Choose one URL shape, redirect every other shape at the host, generate the canonical and every other URL signal from one configured value, and check the output in CI. On the blog, that took four live variants per page down to one and cleared nearly every \"different canonical\" warning in Search Console.",[44,1308,1310],{"id":1309},"faq","FAQ",[1312,1313,1315],"h3",{"id":1314},"what-is-a-self-referencing-canonical","What is a self-referencing canonical?",[14,1317,1318],{},"It is a link rel canonical element whose href is the page's own preferred URL. Every indexable page should have one. It tells search engines which variant to index when the same content is reachable with tracking parameters, different casing or a missing trailing slash.",[1312,1320,1322],{"id":1321},"is-a-canonical-tag-a-substitute-for-a-redirect","Is a canonical tag a substitute for a redirect?",[14,1324,1325],{},"No. A canonical is a hint that search engines usually follow, and it does nothing for readers or for link equity from other sites. Variants that should not exist, such as http or a missing slash, should be redirected with a 301 at the host. Canonicals handle the variants you cannot redirect.",[1312,1327,1329],{"id":1328},"which-trailing-slash-policy-is-best","Which trailing-slash policy is best?",[14,1331,1332],{},"Either works if it is applied everywhere. Directory-style URLs with a trailing slash map naturally to index.html files on static hosts. What matters is that the generator's links, the canonical tags, the sitemap and the host's redirects all agree.",[1312,1334,1336],{"id":1335},"why-would-a-preview-deploy-have-the-wrong-canonical","Why would a preview deploy have the wrong canonical?",[14,1338,1339],{},"When the canonical is built from the request URL or a relative path instead of the configured production origin. Always build it from site configuration so previews point at production URLs, and also send noindex on previews.",[44,1341,1343],{"id":1342},"related","Related",[49,1345,1346,1355,1362,1369,1376],{},[52,1347,1348,1351,1352,1354],{},[1045,1349,1350],{},"Parent:"," ",[38,1353,41],{"href":40}," — build-time SEO in full.",[52,1356,1357,1361],{},[38,1358,1360],{"href":1359},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fgenerating-sitemaps-for-large-static-sites\u002F","Generating Sitemaps for Large Static Sites"," — sitemap URLs that match canonicals.",[52,1363,1364,1368],{},[38,1365,1367],{"href":1366},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fmigrating-between-static-site-generators\u002Fkeeping-redirects-working-after-an-ssg-migration\u002F","Keeping Redirects Working After an SSG Migration"," — where many duplicates start.",[52,1370,1371,1375],{},[38,1372,1374],{"href":1373},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fnetlify-vs-vercel-deployment-strategies\u002Fnetlify-redirects-and-rewrites-for-static-sites\u002F","Netlify Redirects and Rewrites for Static Sites"," — host-level redirect rules.",[52,1377,1378,1382],{},[38,1379,1381],{"href":1380},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fnextjs-static-export-for-content-sites\u002Ftrailing-slash-and-basepath-in-nextjs-static-export\u002F","Trailing Slash and basePath in Next.js Static Export"," — the same policy in Next.js.",[1384,1385,1386],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .szBVR, html code.shiki .szBVR{--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVt8B, html code.shiki .sVt8B{--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZZnC, html code.shiki .sZZnC{--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sj4cs, html code.shiki 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Astro",{"path":1810,"title":1360},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fgenerating-sitemaps-for-large-static-sites",{"path":1812,"title":41},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites",{"path":1814,"title":561},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Frobots-txt-and-noindex-for-preview-and-staging",{"path":1816,"title":1817},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Frss-and-atom-feeds-for-static-blogs","RSS and Atom Feeds for Static Blogs",{"path":1819,"title":1820},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fseo-safe-pagination-and-tag-pages","SEO-Safe Pagination and Tag 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Sites",{"path":1834,"title":1835},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-keys-and-query-strings-on-cdns","Cache Keys and Query Strings on CDNs",{"path":1837,"title":1838},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcaching-404s-and-redirects-at-the-edge","Caching 404s and Redirects at the Edge",{"path":1840,"title":1841},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcloudflare-vs-cloudfront-cache-hit-ratios-for-static-sites","Cloudflare vs CloudFront Cache Hit Ratios for Static Sites",{"path":1843,"title":1844},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Ffixing-stale-html-after-deploys-on-cloudflare","Fixing Stale HTML After Deploys on Cloudflare",{"path":1846,"title":1847},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs","CDN Caching Rules 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HTML",{"path":1861,"title":1862},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Ftiered-caching-and-origin-shield","Tiered Caching and Origin Shield",{"path":1864,"title":1865},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fcode-splitting-and-module-preload-in-vite-based-ssgs","Code Splitting and Module Preload in Vite-Based SSGs",{"path":1867,"title":1868},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Ffixing-missing-tailwind-classes-in-production-builds","Fixing Missing Tailwind Classes in Production Builds",{"path":1870,"title":1871},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Ffixing-unused-javascript-warnings-on-static-pages","Fixing Unused JavaScript Warnings on Static Pages",{"path":1873,"title":1874},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization","CSS and JavaScript Asset Optimization",{"path":1876,"title":1877},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Finlining-critical-css-on-static-sites","Inlining Critical CSS on Static Sites",{"path":1879,"title":1880},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fkeeping-tailwind-css-output-small-on-static-sites","Keeping Tailwind CSS Output Small on Static Sites",{"path":1882,"title":1883},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fminifying-html-css-and-js-in-eleventy","Minifying HTML, CSS and JS in 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Plugins",{"path":1897,"title":1898},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Fcls-from-client-side-rendered-components","CLS from Client-Side Rendered Components",{"path":1900,"title":1901},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Fdebugging-cls-with-the-layout-instability-api","Debugging CLS with the Layout Instability API",{"path":1903,"title":1904},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Feliminating-layout-shift-from-web-fonts","Eliminating Layout Shift From Web Fonts",{"path":1906,"title":1907},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-cookie-banners","Fixing CLS from Cookie Banners",{"path":1909,"title":1910},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-dynamic-table-of-contents-widgets","Fixing CLS From Dynamic Table of Contents Widgets",{"path":1912,"title":1913},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-images-without-dimensions-in-markdown","Fixing CLS From Images Without Dimensions in Markdown",{"path":1915,"title":1916},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-late-loading-embeds","Fixing CLS From Late-Loading Embeds",{"path":1918,"title":1919},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-sticky-headers-and-anchor-links","Fixing CLS from Sticky Headers and Anchor Links",{"path":1921,"title":1922},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites","Cumulative Layout Shift Fixes for Static Sites",{"path":1924,"title":1925},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Fmeasuring-cls-in-the-field-with-web-vitals-js","Measuring CLS in the Field With web-vitals.js",{"path":1927,"title":1928},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Freserving-space-for-ad-and-promo-slots","Reserving Space for Ad and Promo Slots",{"path":1930,"title":1931},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Freserving-space-for-images-and-embeds-to-stop-layout-shift","Reserving Space for Images and Embeds",{"path":1933,"title":1934},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fauditing-font-payload-per-page","Auditing Font Payload per Page",{"path":1936,"title":1937},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-invisible-text-while-web-fonts-load","Fixing Invisible Text While Web Fonts Load",{"path":1939,"title":1940},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Ffont-display-optional-vs-swap","font-display: optional vs swap",{"path":1942,"title":1943},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites","Font Loading Strategies for Static Sites",{"path":1945,"title":1946},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fmetric-matched-fallback-fonts-with-size-adjust","Metric-Matched Fallback Fonts with size-adjust",{"path":1948,"title":1949},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fpreloading-fonts-without-double-downloads","Preloading Fonts Without Double Downloads",{"path":1951,"title":1952},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fself-hosted-fonts-vs-google-fonts-for-static-sites","Self-Hosted Fonts vs Google Fonts for Static Sites",{"path":1954,"title":1955},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fself-hosting-google-fonts-to-eliminate-layout-shift","Self-Host Google Fonts to Eliminate Layout Shift",{"path":1957,"title":1958},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fsubsetting-variable-fonts-for-faster-first-render","Subsetting Variable Fonts for Faster First Render",{"path":1960,"title":1961},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fusing-system-font-stacks-to-skip-webfonts","Using System Font Stacks to Skip Web Fonts",{"path":1963,"title":1964},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fvariable-fonts-vs-static-weights","Variable Fonts vs Static Weights",{"path":1966,"title":1967},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fart-direction-with-the-picture-element","Art Direction with the Picture Element",{"path":1969,"title":1970},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fblur-up-placeholders-with-lqip","Blur-Up Placeholders with LQIP",{"path":1972,"title":1973},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fbuilding-an-image-cdn-pipeline-for-static-sites","Building an Image CDN Pipeline for Static Sites",{"path":1975,"title":1976},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fcaching-processed-images-between-builds","Caching Processed Images Between Builds",{"path":1978,"title":1979},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Ffixing-blurry-images-from-astro-assets-resizing","Fixing Blurry Images From astro:assets Resizing",{"path":1981,"title":1982},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fgenerating-open-graph-images-at-build-time","Generating Open Graph Images at Build Time",{"path":1984,"title":1985},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro","Image Optimization Pipelines in Astro",{"path":1987,"title":1988},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Flazy-loading-images-without-hurting-lcp","Lazy-Loading Images Without Hurting LCP",{"path":1990,"title":1991},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Foptimizing-webp-images-in-hugo-without-plugins","Optimizing WebP Images in Hugo Without Plugins",{"path":1993,"title":1994},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fresponsive-images-with-srcset-in-eleventy","Responsive Images with srcset in Eleventy",{"path":1996,"title":1997},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fserving-astro-images-through-cloudflare-image-resizing","Serving Astro Images Through Cloudflare Image Resizing",{"path":1999,"title":2000},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fserving-avif-with-fallbacks-on-static-sites","Serving AVIF With Fallbacks on Static Sites",{"path":2002,"title":2003},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs","Core Web Vitals Optimization for SSGs",{"path":2005,"title":2006},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fastro-islands-vs-full-hydration-performance","Astro Islands vs Full Hydration Performance",{"path":2008,"title":2009},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fbreaking-up-long-tasks-on-static-sites","Breaking Up Long Tasks on Static Sites",{"path":2011,"title":2012},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fdeferring-hydration-with-client-visible-in-astro","Deferring Hydration with client:visible in Astro",{"path":2014,"title":2015},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Ffixing-hydration-mismatch-errors-in-astro-islands","Fixing Hydration Mismatch Errors in Astro Islands",{"path":2017,"title":2018},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Ffixing-poor-inp-on-static-pages-with-heavy-widgets","Fixing Poor INP on Static Pages With Heavy Widgets",{"path":2020,"title":2021},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fhow-to-reduce-bundle-size-in-eleventy-builds","How to Reduce Bundle Size in Eleventy Builds",{"path":2023,"title":2024},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering","JavaScript Hydration & Partial Rendering",{"path":2026,"title":2027},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fmeasuring-inp-on-static-sites-with-real-user-monitoring","Measuring INP on Static Sites with RUM",{"path":2029,"title":2030},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fpreact-vs-react-islands-bundle-size","Preact vs React Islands Bundle Size",{"path":2032,"title":2033},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Freplacing-react-islands-with-web-components","Replacing React Islands with Web Components",{"path":2035,"title":2036},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fserver-islands-in-astro","Server Islands in Astro",{"path":2038,"title":2039},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Feliminating-render-blocking-css-on-static-sites","Eliminating Render-Blocking CSS on Static Sites",{"path":2041,"title":2042},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-lcp-on-text-heavy-documentation-pages","Fixing LCP on Text-Heavy Documentation Pages",{"path":2044,"title":2045},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-lcp-regressions-caused-by-cookie-consent-tools","Fixing LCP Regressions Caused by Cookie Consent Tools",{"path":2047,"title":2048},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-lcp-when-the-hero-is-a-background-image","Fixing LCP When the Hero Is a Background Image",{"path":2050,"title":2051},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-slow-lcp-on-pages-with-embedded-video","Fixing Slow LCP on Pages With Embedded Video",{"path":2053,"title":2054},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Fimproving-ttfb-for-static-html","Improving TTFB for Static HTML",{"path":2056,"title":2057},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites","Largest Contentful Paint Optimization for Static Sites",{"path":2059,"title":2060},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Fmeasuring-lcp-subparts-with-devtools","Measuring LCP Subparts with DevTools",{"path":2062,"title":2063},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Foptimizing-lcp-on-astro-with-priority-hints","Optimizing LCP on Astro with Priority Hints",{"path":2065,"title":2066},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Freducing-lcp-from-hero-images-on-static-sites","Reducing LCP from Hero Images on Static Sites",{"path":2068,"title":2069},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Fcomparing-lab-and-field-data-with-crux","Comparing Lab and Field Data with CrUX",{"path":2071,"title":2072},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci","Performance Budgets and Lighthouse CI",{"path":2074,"title":2075},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Flighthouse-ci-vs-webpagetest-for-regression-gates","Lighthouse CI vs WebPageTest for Regression Gates",{"path":2077,"title":2078},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Fmeasuring-web-vitals-in-playwright-tests","Measuring Web Vitals in Playwright Tests",{"path":2080,"title":2081},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Fper-template-performance-budgets","Per-Template Performance Budgets",{"path":2083,"title":2084},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Fperformance-testing-on-throttled-mobile-profiles","Performance Testing on Throttled Mobile Profiles",{"path":2086,"title":2087},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Freducing-lighthouse-score-variance-in-ci","Reducing Lighthouse Score Variance in CI",{"path":2089,"title":2090},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Frunning-webpagetest-scripts-against-preview-deploys","Running WebPageTest Scripts Against Preview Deploys",{"path":2092,"title":2093},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Fsetting-up-lighthouse-ci-for-a-static-site","Setting Up Lighthouse CI for a Static Site",{"path":2095,"title":2096},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Ftracking-bundle-size-per-pull-request","Tracking Bundle Size per Pull Request",{"path":2098,"title":2099},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Ftracking-page-weight-over-time","Tracking Page Weight Over Time",{"path":2101,"title":2102},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fperformance-budgets-and-lighthouse-ci\u002Fwriting-a-performance-budget-that-fails-builds","Writing a Performance Budget That Fails Builds",{"path":2104,"title":2105},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fauditing-unused-preloads","Auditing Unused Preloads",{"path":2107,"title":2108},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fearly-hints-103-on-cloudflare","Early Hints (103) on Cloudflare",{"path":2110,"title":2111},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Ffetchpriority-beyond-the-hero-image","Fetchpriority Beyond the Hero Image",{"path":2113,"title":2114},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Ffixing-wasted-preloads-flagged-by-chrome","Fixing Wasted Preloads Flagged by Chrome",{"path":2116,"title":2117},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed","Resource Hints and Navigation Speed",{"path":2119,"title":2120},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Finstant-navigation-with-speculation-rules","Instant Navigation with Speculation Rules",{"path":2122,"title":2123},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fpreconnect-vs-dns-prefetch-on-static-sites","Preconnect vs DNS-Prefetch on Static Sites",{"path":2125,"title":2126},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fprefetching-links-in-astro","Prefetching Links in Astro",{"path":2128,"title":2129},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fview-transitions-in-astro-without-hurting-vitals","View Transitions in Astro Without Hurting Vitals",{"path":2131,"title":2132},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fresource-hints-and-navigation-speed\u002Fview-transitions-on-multi-page-static-sites","View Transitions on Multi-Page Static Sites",{"path":2134,"title":2135},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Fauditing-third-party-scripts-with-lighthouse","Auditing Third-Party Scripts With Lighthouse",{"path":2137,"title":2138},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Ffacades-for-chat-widgets-and-maps","Facades for Chat Widgets and Maps",{"path":2140,"title":2141},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Ffixing-main-thread-blocking-from-chat-widgets","Fixing Main-Thread Blocking From Chat Widgets",{"path":2143,"title":2144},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites","Third-Party Script Performance on Static Sites",{"path":2146,"title":2147},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Flazy-loading-youtube-embeds-on-static-sites","Lazy-Loading YouTube Embeds on Static Sites",{"path":2149,"title":2150},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Floading-google-tag-manager-without-hurting-inp","Loading Google Tag Manager Without Hurting INP",{"path":2152,"title":2153},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Fmeasuring-third-party-cost-with-request-blocking","Measuring Third-Party Cost with Request Blocking",{"path":2155,"title":2156},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Fprivacy-friendly-analytics-compared-by-page-weight","Privacy-Friendly Analytics Compared by Page Weight",{"path":2158,"title":2159},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Frunning-third-party-scripts-in-a-web-worker-with-partytown","Running Third-Party Scripts in a Web Worker with Partytown",{"path":2161,"title":2162},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fthird-party-script-performance-on-static-sites\u002Fself-hosting-analytics-to-cut-third-party-requests","Self-Hosting Analytics to Cut Third-Party Requests",{"path":2164,"title":2165},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fcloudflare-pages-edge-caching-setup\u002Fautomating-eleventy-deployments-with-cloudflare-pages","Automating Eleventy Deployments on Cloudflare Pages",{"path":2167,"title":2168},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fcloudflare-pages-edge-caching-setup\u002Fbranch-deploy-controls-on-cloudflare-pages","Branch Deploy Controls on Cloudflare Pages",{"path":2170,"title":2171},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fcloudflare-pages-edge-caching-setup\u002Fcloudflare-pages-functions-middleware","Cloudflare Pages Functions Middleware",{"path":2173,"title":2174},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fcloudflare-pages-edge-caching-setup\u002Fconfiguring-redirects-on-cloudflare-pages","Configuring Redirects on Cloudflare Pages",{"path":2176,"title":2177},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fcloudflare-pages-edge-caching-setup\u002Fcustom-domains-and-tls-on-cloudflare-pages","Custom Domains and TLS on Cloudflare Pages",{"path":2179,"title":2180},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fcloudflare-pages-edge-caching-setup\u002Fdeploying-astro-to-cloudflare-workers-static-assets","Deploying Astro to Cloudflare Workers Static Assets",{"path":2182,"title":2183},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fcloudflare-pages-edge-caching-setup\u002Fdeploying-hugo-to-cloudflare-pages-and-workers","Deploying Hugo to Cloudflare Pages and Workers",{"path":2185,"title":2186},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fcloudflare-pages-edge-caching-setup\u002Fdeploying-to-cloudflare-from-github-actions-with-wrangler","Deploying to Cloudflare From GitHub Actions With 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