[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":3138},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page:\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Finternationalization-for-static-sites\u002Fhreflang-and-language-alternates-on-static-sites":3,"all-docs-nav":1984,"filed:\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Finternationalization-for-static-sites\u002Fhreflang-and-language-alternates-on-static-sites":3123},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"breadcrumb":1961,"dateModified":1970,"datePublished":1970,"description":1971,"extension":1972,"faq":1973,"meta":1978,"navigation":399,"path":1979,"seo":1980,"slug":12,"stem":1981,"type":1982,"__hash__":1983},"content\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Finternationalization-for-static-sites\u002Fhreflang-and-language-alternates-on-static-sites\u002Findex.md","hreflang and Language Alternates on Static Sites",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1941},"minimark",[9,13,22,31,36,65,69,84,96,144,268,272,282,338,357,361,364,665,672,676,682,821,843,850,964,968,971,1543,1554,1642,1646,1662,1666,1693,1711,1719,1723,1800,1804,1854,1858,1864,1868,1873,1876,1880,1883,1887,1890,1894,1897,1901,1937],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"hreflang-and-language-alternates-on-static-sites",[14,15,16,17,21],"p",{},"When a static site exists in several languages, search engines need to be told which URLs are translations of one another. Without that signal, the German and English versions of an installation guide compete for the same query, the wrong one shows in Munich, and the translated page you paid for sits unseen. The signal is ",[18,19,20],"code",{},"hreflang",", and on a static site it is entirely a build-time concern: every page in a language group must list every member of the group, itself included, and the lists must agree.",[14,23,24,25,30],{},"This guide shows how to generate those alternates from a stable translation key — not from file paths — in Hugo, Astro and Eleventy, and how to validate them in CI so broken groups fail a pull request instead of quietly degrading search results. It is part of ",[26,27,29],"a",{"href":28},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Finternationalization-for-static-sites\u002F","Internationalization for Static Sites",". The examples come from a 640-page documentation site published in English, German, French and Japanese.",[32,33,35],"h2",{"id":34},"prerequisites","Prerequisites",[37,38,39,47,58],"ul",{},[40,41,42,43,46],"li",{},"A site with at least two locales under path prefixes, for example English at the root and German under ",[18,44,45],{},"\u002Fde\u002F",".",[40,48,49,50,53,54,57],{},"A canonical site URL configured in the generator (",[18,51,52],{},"baseURL"," in Hugo, ",[18,55,56],{},"site"," in Astro, a global data value in Eleventy), because alternates must be absolute URLs.",[40,59,60,61,46],{},"A consistent trailing-slash convention, since alternates must match canonical URLs exactly — see ",[26,62,64],{"href":63},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fcanonical-urls-and-duplicate-content-on-static-sites\u002F","Canonical URLs and Duplicate Content on Static Sites",[32,66,68],{"id":67},"why-path-matching-breaks","Why Path Matching Breaks",[14,70,71,72,75,76,79,80,83],{},"The shortcut most sites start with is to derive alternates from the path: if ",[18,73,74],{},"\u002Fguide\u002Finstall\u002F"," exists, assume ",[18,77,78],{},"\u002Fde\u002Fguide\u002Finstall\u002F"," is its German version. It works on launch day and fails the first time a translator localizes a slug to ",[18,81,82],{},"\u002Fde\u002Fanleitung\u002Finstallation\u002F",", or when a page exists in three languages but not the fourth. The failure is silent — the German page simply stops listing its siblings.",[14,85,86,87,91,92,95],{},"The fix is a ",[88,89,90],"strong",{},"translation key",": a stable identifier in frontmatter that every language version shares, independent of the file name or URL. Hugo has this built in as ",[18,93,94],{},"translationKey","; in Astro and Eleventy you add a field yourself.",[97,98,103],"pre",{"className":99,"code":100,"language":101,"meta":102,"style":102},"language-yaml shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","---\ntitle: Installation\ntranslationKey: install\n---\n","yaml","",[18,104,105,114,129,139],{"__ignoreMap":102},[106,107,110],"span",{"class":108,"line":109},"line",1,[106,111,113],{"class":112},"sScJk","---\n",[106,115,117,121,125],{"class":108,"line":116},2,[106,118,120],{"class":119},"s9eBZ","title",[106,122,124],{"class":123},"sVt8B",": ",[106,126,128],{"class":127},"sZZnC","Installation\n",[106,130,132,134,136],{"class":108,"line":131},3,[106,133,94],{"class":119},[106,135,124],{"class":123},[106,137,138],{"class":127},"install\n",[106,140,142],{"class":108,"line":141},4,[106,143,113],{"class":112},[145,146,147,264],"figure",{},[148,149,156,157,156,160,156,164,156,171],"svg",{"viewBox":150,"role":151,"ariaLabelledBy":152,"xmlns":155},"0 0 760 223","img",[153,154],"hrf-key-title","hrf-key-desc","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg","\n  ",[120,158,159],{"id":153},"Path matching compared with key matching",[161,162,163],"desc",{"id":154},"Two panels. Path matching assumes identical slugs, so a localized German slug breaks the group and a page missing in one language produces an alternate that 404s. Key matching groups pages by a shared frontmatter key, survives localized slugs and only lists versions that exist.",[165,166],"rect",{"x":167,"y":167,"width":168,"height":169,"fill":170},"0","760","223","#ffffff",[172,173,175,176,175,187,175,193,175,196,175,199,175,205,175,208,175,210,175,212,175,220,175,227,175,233,175,237,175,241,175,246,175,251,175,255,175,258,175,261,156],"g",{"style":174},"font-family:system-ui, sans-serif;font-size:12px","\n    ",[165,177],{"x":178,"y":179,"width":180,"height":181,"rx":182,"fill":183,"opacity":184,"stroke":185,"style":186},"20.0","58.0","350.0","149.0","10","#ff595e","0.12","#d83b41","stroke-width:1.5px",[188,189],"circle",{"cx":190,"cy":191,"r":192,"fill":183,"stroke":185,"style":186},"40.0","103.0","2.5",[188,194],{"cx":190,"cy":195,"r":192,"fill":183,"stroke":185,"style":186},"125.0",[188,197],{"cx":190,"cy":198,"r":192,"fill":183,"stroke":185,"style":186},"146.9",[165,200],{"x":201,"y":179,"width":180,"height":181,"rx":182,"fill":202,"opacity":203,"stroke":204,"style":186},"390.0","#8ac926","0.2","#5a8a16",[188,206],{"cx":207,"cy":191,"r":192,"fill":202,"stroke":204,"style":186},"410.0",[188,209],{"cx":207,"cy":195,"r":192,"fill":202,"stroke":204,"style":186},[188,211],{"cx":207,"cy":198,"r":192,"fill":202,"stroke":204,"style":186},[213,214,219],"text",{"x":215,"y":216,"fill":217,"style":218},"380.0","30.0","#1f2937","font-size:16px;text-anchor:middle;font-weight:700","Matching translations by path versus by key",[213,221,226],{"x":222,"y":223,"fill":224,"style":225},"34.0","83.5","#b32b30","font-size:13.5px;text-anchor:start;font-weight:700","Match by path",[213,228,232],{"x":229,"y":230,"fill":217,"style":231},"50.0","107.0","font-size:11.5px;text-anchor:start","\u002Fguide\u002Finstall\u002F implies \u002Fde\u002Fguide\u002Finstall\u002F",[213,234,236],{"x":229,"y":235,"fill":217,"style":231},"129.0","localized slug breaks the group silently",[213,238,240],{"x":229,"y":239,"fill":217,"style":231},"150.9","missing translation yields a 404 alternate",[213,242,245],{"x":222,"y":243,"fill":217,"style":244},"193.0","font-size:12px;text-anchor:start;font-weight:700","37 broken groups found",[213,247,250],{"x":248,"y":223,"fill":249,"style":225},"404.0","#3f6410","Match by translation key",[213,252,254],{"x":253,"y":230,"fill":217,"style":231},"420.0","translationKey: install in every locale",[213,256,257],{"x":253,"y":235,"fill":217,"style":231},"slugs can be localized freely",[213,259,260],{"x":253,"y":239,"fill":217,"style":231},"only existing versions are listed",[213,262,263],{"x":248,"y":243,"fill":217,"style":244},"0 broken groups after the switch",[265,266,267],"figcaption",{},"On the sample site, switching to keys fixed 37 groups that path matching had broken without any warning.",[32,269,271],{"id":270},"the-recipe-in-hugo","The Recipe in Hugo",[14,273,274,275,277,278,281],{},"Hugo does the grouping for you. Pages that share a ",[18,276,94],{}," — or, without one, the same path relative to their language's content directory — appear in ",[18,279,280],{},".AllTranslations",", which includes the current page. The partial is short:",[97,283,287],{"className":284,"code":285,"language":286,"meta":102,"style":102},"language-go-html-template shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","{{\u002F* layouts\u002Fpartials\u002Fhreflang.html *\u002F}}\n{{ if .IsTranslated }}\n  {{ range .AllTranslations }}\n    \u003Clink rel=\"alternate\" hreflang=\"{{ .Language.LanguageCode }}\" href=\"{{ .Permalink }}\">\n  {{ end }}\n  {{ with index (where .AllTranslations \"Language.Lang\" site.Sites.Default.Language.Lang) 0 }}\n    \u003Clink rel=\"alternate\" hreflang=\"x-default\" href=\"{{ .Permalink }}\">\n  {{ end }}\n{{ end }}\n","go-html-template",[18,288,289,294,299,304,309,315,321,327,332],{"__ignoreMap":102},[106,290,291],{"class":108,"line":109},[106,292,293],{},"{{\u002F* layouts\u002Fpartials\u002Fhreflang.html *\u002F}}\n",[106,295,296],{"class":108,"line":116},[106,297,298],{},"{{ if .IsTranslated }}\n",[106,300,301],{"class":108,"line":131},[106,302,303],{},"  {{ range .AllTranslations }}\n",[106,305,306],{"class":108,"line":141},[106,307,308],{},"    \u003Clink rel=\"alternate\" hreflang=\"{{ .Language.LanguageCode }}\" href=\"{{ .Permalink }}\">\n",[106,310,312],{"class":108,"line":311},5,[106,313,314],{},"  {{ end }}\n",[106,316,318],{"class":108,"line":317},6,[106,319,320],{},"  {{ with index (where .AllTranslations \"Language.Lang\" site.Sites.Default.Language.Lang) 0 }}\n",[106,322,324],{"class":108,"line":323},7,[106,325,326],{},"    \u003Clink rel=\"alternate\" hreflang=\"x-default\" href=\"{{ .Permalink }}\">\n",[106,328,330],{"class":108,"line":329},8,[106,331,314],{},[106,333,335],{"class":108,"line":334},9,[106,336,337],{},"{{ end }}\n",[14,339,340,341,344,345,348,349,352,353,356],{},"Set ",[18,342,343],{},"languageCode"," per language (",[18,346,347],{},"de-DE",", or just ",[18,350,351],{},"de"," if you do not target regions) so the attribute value is valid BCP 47. ",[18,354,355],{},".IsTranslated"," prevents a lone self-reference on pages that exist in only one language, which would be harmless but noisy.",[32,358,360],{"id":359},"the-recipe-in-astro","The Recipe in Astro",[14,362,363],{},"Astro's content collections do not know about translations, so the grouping is yours. Put the key in the collection schema, then build a map once per build:",[97,365,369],{"className":366,"code":367,"language":368,"meta":102,"style":102},"language-ts shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","\u002F\u002F src\u002Flib\u002Falternates.ts\nimport { getCollection } from 'astro:content';\n\nconst docs = await getCollection('docs');\nconst byKey = new Map\u003Cstring, { lang: string; url: string }[]>();\nfor (const entry of docs) {\n  const [lang] = entry.id.split('\u002F');          \u002F\u002F docs\u002Fde\u002Finstall.md → \"de\"\n  const url = new URL(entry.data.permalink, import.meta.env.SITE).href;\n  const list = byKey.get(entry.data.translationKey) ?? [];\n  list.push({ lang, url });\n  byKey.set(entry.data.translationKey, list);\n}\n\nexport function alternatesFor(key: string) {\n  return byKey.get(key) ?? 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Because the map is computed at module scope, it runs once per build rather than once per page; on the Astro prototype of the documentation site, computing it per page had added 11 s to a 262 s build.",[32,673,675],{"id":674},"the-recipe-in-eleventy","The Recipe in Eleventy",[14,677,678,679,681],{},"In Eleventy, a collection keyed by ",[18,680,94],{}," does the same job. 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",[18,1547,1548],{},"ubuntu-latest"," runner. Add it after the build step and before deploy, alongside the link checker from ",[26,1551,1553],{"href":1552},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Fcontent-workflows-for-documentation-teams\u002Fchecking-links-in-pull-requests\u002F","Checking Links in Pull Requests",[145,1555,1556,1639],{},[148,1557,156,1562,156,1565,156,1568,156,1571],{"viewBox":1558,"role":151,"ariaLabelledBy":1559,"xmlns":155},"0 0 760 210",[1560,1561],"hrf-errs-title","hrf-errs-desc",[120,1563,1564],{"id":1560},"hreflang errors by type on the first run",[161,1566,1567],{"id":1561},"Horizontal bars counting errors found on the first CI run over 2,560 pages. Non-reciprocal groups 21, alternate targets that did not exist 11, missing self-reference 4, URL in two groups 1. After fixes and the switch to translation keys, the count went to zero and stayed there.",[165,1569],{"x":167,"y":167,"width":168,"height":1570,"fill":170},"210",[172,1572,175,1573,175,1581,175,1585,175,1592,175,1596,175,1599,175,1602,175,1607,175,1612,175,1616,175,1621,175,1625,175,1630,175,1634,156],{"style":174},[165,1574],{"x":1575,"y":1576,"width":1577,"height":178,"rx":1578,"fill":183,"opacity":1579,"stroke":185,"style":1580},"240.0","65.0","467.2","3","0.3","stroke-width:1px",[165,1582],{"x":1575,"y":1583,"width":1584,"height":178,"rx":1578,"fill":183,"opacity":1579,"stroke":185,"style":1580},"99.0","244.7",[165,1586],{"x":1575,"y":1587,"width":1588,"height":178,"rx":1578,"fill":1589,"opacity":1590,"stroke":1591,"style":1580},"133.0","89.0","#ffca3a","0.45","#a97b00",[165,1593],{"x":1575,"y":1594,"width":1595,"height":178,"rx":1578,"fill":1589,"opacity":1590,"stroke":1591,"style":1580},"167.0","22.2",[882,1597],{"d":1598,"fill":885,"stroke":886,"style":186},"M240.0 60.0 L240.0 192.0",[213,1600,1601],{"x":215,"y":216,"fill":217,"style":218},"Errors found on the first validator run",[213,1603,1606],{"x":178,"y":1604,"fill":217,"style":1605},"79.2","font-size:12px;text-anchor:start","Non-reciprocal group",[213,1608,1611],{"x":1609,"y":1610,"fill":224,"style":244},"715.2","79.5","21",[213,1613,1615],{"x":178,"y":1614,"fill":217,"style":1605},"113.2","Alternate target missing",[213,1617,1620],{"x":1618,"y":1619,"fill":224,"style":244},"492.7","113.5","11",[213,1622,1624],{"x":178,"y":1623,"fill":217,"style":1605},"147.2","Missing self-reference",[213,1626,1629],{"x":1627,"y":1628,"fill":217,"style":244},"337.0","147.5","4",[213,1631,1633],{"x":178,"y":1632,"fill":217,"style":1605},"181.2","URL in two groups",[213,1635,1638],{"x":1636,"y":1637,"fill":217,"style":244},"270.2","181.5","1",[265,1640,1641],{},"Most errors came from pages deleted in one language while their siblings kept pointing at them.",[32,1643,1645],{"id":1644},"head-or-sitemap","Head or Sitemap?",[14,1647,1648,1649,1652,1653,1656,1657,1661],{},"Alternates can live in the HTML head or in the XML sitemap as ",[18,1650,1651],{},"xhtml:link"," elements. Both are equivalent to search engines. Head annotations are easier to reason about and debug with a browser. Sitemap annotations keep pages lighter: with four locales each page carries five ",[18,1654,1655],{},"\u003Clink>"," elements, about 520 bytes before compression, which is negligible; with twenty locales it is 2.5 KB of head markup on every page, repeated across tens of thousands of pages. The sitemap approach is described in ",[26,1658,1660],{"href":1659},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fgenerating-sitemaps-for-large-static-sites\u002F","Generating Sitemaps for Large Static Sites",". Do not use both with different data; if you use both, generate them from the same map.",[32,1663,1665],{"id":1664},"language-codes-regions-and-partial-groups","Language Codes, Regions and Partial Groups",[14,1667,1668,1669,1671,1672,1156,1674,1156,1677,1156,1680,1683,1684,1686,1687,1689,1690,1692],{},"The ",[18,1670,20],{}," value is a BCP 47 language tag, optionally followed by a region: ",[18,1673,351],{},[18,1675,1676],{},"de-AT",[18,1678,1679],{},"pt-BR",[18,1681,1682],{},"zh-Hant",". Use the language alone unless the content genuinely differs by region — prices, legal text, spelling conventions that readers notice. A documentation site almost never needs regions; an e-commerce catalogue often does. When you do use regions, add a language-only fallback in the same group (",[18,1685,351],{}," alongside ",[18,1688,347],{}," and ",[18,1691,1676],{},") so readers in Switzerland still match something German.",[14,1694,1695,1696,1698,1699,1702,1703,1706,1707,1710],{},"Partial groups are normal. If the troubleshooting page exists in English and German but not yet in French and Japanese, its group has two members and an ",[18,1697,670],{},", and the French page for the parent section simply does not link to a French troubleshooting page. That is correct behaviour and it is exactly what key-based grouping produces automatically. The mistake to avoid is filling the gap with a fallback page at ",[18,1700,1701],{},"\u002Ffr\u002Ftroubleshooting\u002F"," that contains English text but declares ",[18,1704,1705],{},"lang=\"fr\"",": search engines see a French URL with English content, and readers see a language switcher that lies. If you want a fallback, render it with ",[18,1708,1709],{},"lang=\"en\"",", a visible notice, and a canonical pointing at the English page, and leave it out of the alternate group.",[14,1712,1713,1714,1718],{},"Finally, keep the language switcher and the alternates in agreement. Both should be driven by the same map; a switcher that offers \"Français\" on a page whose group has no French member sends readers to a 404, and a checker in ",[26,1715,1717],{"href":1716},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Ftesting-static-sites-in-ci\u002Fend-to-end-tests-for-static-sites-with-playwright\u002F","End-to-End Tests for Static Sites with Playwright"," can click every switcher option on a sample of pages to confirm it.",[32,1720,1722],{"id":1721},"measured-impact","Measured Impact",[1724,1725,1726,1742],"table",{},[1727,1728,1729],"thead",{},[1730,1731,1732,1736,1739],"tr",{},[1733,1734,1735],"th",{},"Measure",[1733,1737,1738],{},"Before (path matching)",[1733,1740,1741],{},"After (keys + validator)",[1743,1744,1745,1756,1767,1778,1789],"tbody",{},[1730,1746,1747,1751,1754],{},[1748,1749,1750],"td",{},"Broken language groups",[1748,1752,1753],{},"37",[1748,1755,167],{},[1730,1757,1758,1761,1764],{},[1748,1759,1760],{},"Search Console \"no return tags\" errors",[1748,1762,1763],{},"212 URLs",[1748,1765,1766],{},"0 after recrawl (19 days)",[1730,1768,1769,1772,1775],{},[1748,1770,1771],{},"German pages shown for German queries (sample of 40 queries)",[1748,1773,1774],{},"26",[1748,1776,1777],{},"38",[1730,1779,1780,1783,1786],{},[1748,1781,1782],{},"Build time added by grouping (Astro)",[1748,1784,1785],{},"11 s (per page)",[1748,1787,1788],{},"0.3 s (module scope)",[1730,1790,1791,1794,1797],{},[1748,1792,1793],{},"Validator runtime in CI",[1748,1795,1796],{},"—",[1748,1798,1799],{},"4.1 s",[32,1801,1803],{"id":1802},"pitfalls-rollback","Pitfalls & Rollback",[37,1805,1806,1818,1831,1837,1848],{},[40,1807,1808,1814,1815,1817],{},[88,1809,1810,1811,46],{},"Relative URLs in ",[18,1812,1813],{},"href"," Alternates must be absolute; a missing ",[18,1816,56],{}," setting in Astro silently produces relative paths.",[40,1819,1820,1823,1824,1827,1828,1830],{},[88,1821,1822],{},"Region codes you do not mean."," ",[18,1825,1826],{},"hreflang=\"de-DE\""," excludes Austrian and Swiss readers from the signal; use ",[18,1829,351],{}," unless the content is really region-specific.",[40,1832,1833,1836],{},[88,1834,1835],{},"Draft pages in groups."," A draft translation excluded from the build but still counted in the key map yields a 404 alternate; filter drafts before grouping.",[40,1838,1839,1842,1843,1845,1846,46],{},[88,1840,1841],{},"x-default pointing at a redirect."," If the root redirects by language, point ",[18,1844,670],{}," at the language chooser or the default-language page, not at ",[18,1847,1140],{},[40,1849,1850,1853],{},[88,1851,1852],{},"Rollback:"," alternates are pure markup. Reverting the partial or layout commit and redeploying removes them, and search engines fall back to treating each page independently.",[32,1855,1857],{"id":1856},"conclusion","Conclusion",[14,1859,1860,1861,1863],{},"hreflang on a static site is a grouping problem. Give every translation a shared key, let the build turn each group into a complete, reciprocal set of links with a self-reference and an ",[18,1862,670],{},", and check the built output in CI. On the documentation site that removed 212 Search Console errors and moved German results from 26 to 38 correct answers out of 40 sampled queries.",[32,1865,1867],{"id":1866},"faq","FAQ",[1869,1870,1872],"h3",{"id":1871},"does-every-page-need-to-list-itself-in-its-hreflang-set","Does every page need to list itself in its hreflang set?",[14,1874,1875],{},"Yes. Each page must include an alternate for its own URL as well as every other language version. Search engines ignore a group where the self-reference is missing or where the pages do not list each other reciprocally.",[1869,1877,1879],{"id":1878},"what-is-x-default-for","What is x-default for?",[14,1881,1882],{},"x-default names the URL to show readers whose language or region you do not target, usually the default-language page or a language chooser. It is optional but recommended, and it should appear in every member of the group.",[1869,1884,1886],{"id":1885},"should-hreflang-go-in-the-html-head-or-in-the-sitemap","Should hreflang go in the HTML head or in the sitemap?",[14,1888,1889],{},"Either works, but pick one. Head annotations are simplest for small and medium sites. On very large sites with many locales, putting alternates in the sitemap keeps every HTML page lighter, since each page otherwise carries one link element per language.",[1869,1891,1893],{"id":1892},"can-hreflang-point-at-a-url-that-redirects","Can hreflang point at a URL that redirects?",[14,1895,1896],{},"It should not. Alternates must point at the final canonical URL, including the trailing slash convention the site uses. A redirecting alternate is treated as an error and the group can be ignored.",[32,1898,1900],{"id":1899},"related","Related",[37,1902,1903,1911,1918,1925,1930],{},[40,1904,1905,1823,1908,1910],{},[88,1906,1907],{},"Parent:",[26,1909,29],{"href":28}," — URL structure and the rest of the i18n picture.",[40,1912,1913,1917],{},[26,1914,1916],{"href":1915},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Finternationalization-for-static-sites\u002Fmultilingual-sites-with-hugo\u002F","Multilingual Sites with Hugo"," — Hugo's built-in translation model.",[40,1919,1920,1924],{},[26,1921,1923],{"href":1922},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Finternationalization-for-static-sites\u002Fi18n-routing-in-astro\u002F","i18n Routing in Astro"," — locales and fallbacks in Astro.",[40,1926,1927,1929],{},[26,1928,64],{"href":63}," — alternates must match canonicals.",[40,1931,1932,1936],{},[26,1933,1935],{"href":1934},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fsearch-for-static-sites\u002Fmultilingual-search-on-static-sites\u002F","Multilingual Search on Static Sites"," — one index per language.",[1938,1939,1940],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sScJk, html code.shiki .sScJk{--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .s9eBZ, html code.shiki .s9eBZ{--shiki-default:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D}html pre.shiki code .sVt8B, html code.shiki .sVt8B{--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZZnC, html code.shiki .sZZnC{--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: 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.snhLl{--shiki-default:#22863A;--shiki-default-font-weight:bold;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;--shiki-dark-font-weight:bold}",{"title":102,"searchDepth":116,"depth":116,"links":1942},[1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1960],{"id":34,"depth":116,"text":35},{"id":67,"depth":116,"text":68},{"id":270,"depth":116,"text":271},{"id":359,"depth":116,"text":360},{"id":674,"depth":116,"text":675},{"id":966,"depth":116,"text":967},{"id":1644,"depth":116,"text":1645},{"id":1664,"depth":116,"text":1665},{"id":1721,"depth":116,"text":1722},{"id":1802,"depth":116,"text":1803},{"id":1856,"depth":116,"text":1857},{"id":1866,"depth":116,"text":1867,"children":1955},[1956,1957,1958,1959],{"id":1871,"depth":131,"text":1872},{"id":1878,"depth":131,"text":1879},{"id":1885,"depth":131,"text":1886},{"id":1892,"depth":131,"text":1893},{"id":1899,"depth":116,"text":1900},[1962,1964,1967,1968],{"name":1963,"item":1140},"Home",{"name":1965,"item":1966},"Choosing the Right Static Site Generator for Production","\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002F",{"name":29,"item":28},{"name":5,"item":1969},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Finternationalization-for-static-sites\u002Fhreflang-and-language-alternates-on-static-sites\u002F","2026-09-25","Generate reciprocal hreflang alternates from a translation key at build time in Hugo, Astro or Eleventy, and validate every language group in CI.","md",[1974,1975,1976,1977],{"q":1872,"a":1875},{"q":1879,"a":1882},{"q":1886,"a":1889},{"q":1893,"a":1896},{},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Finternationalization-for-static-sites\u002Fhreflang-and-language-alternates-on-static-sites",{"title":5,"description":1971},"choosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Finternationalization-for-static-sites\u002Fhreflang-and-language-alternates-on-static-sites\u002Findex","article","JnqYRk0uM_HbIuFzLHILKkYeZmlgbdjoBUEUO2BD5Io",[1985,1988,1991,1994,1997,2000,2003,2006,2009,2012,2015,2018,2021,2024,2027,2030,2033,2036,2039,2042,2045,2048,2051,2054,2057,2060,2063,2066,2069,2072,2075,2078,2081,2084,2087,2090,2093,2096,2099,2102,2105,2108,2111,2114,2117,2120,2123,2126,2129,2132,2135,2138,2141,2144,2146,2149,2150,2152,2154,2157,2160,2162,2165,2168,2171,2174,2177,2180,2183,2186,2189,2192,2195,2198,2201,2204,2207,2210,2213,2216,2219,2222,2225,2228,2231,2234,2237,2240,2243,2246,2249,2252,2255,2258,2261,2264,2267,2270,2273,2276,2279,2282,2285,2288,2291,2294,2297,2299,2302,2305,2308,2311,2314,2317,2320,2323,2326,2329,2332,2335,2338,2341,2344,2347,2350,2352,2355,2358,2361,2363,2366,2369,2372,2375,2378,2381,2384,2387,2390,2393,2396,2399,2402,2405,2408,2411,2414,2417,2420,2423,2426,2429,2432,2435,2438,2441,2444,2447,2450,2453,2456,2459,2462,2465,2468,2471,2474,2477,2480,2483,2486,2489,2492,2495,2498,2501,2504,2507,2510,2513,2516,2519,2522,2525,2528,2531,2534,2537,2540,2543,2546,2549,2552,2555,2558,2561,2564,2567,2570,2573,2576,2579,2582,2585,2588,2591,2594,2597,2600,2603,2606,2609,2612,2615,2618,2621,2624,2627,2630,2633,2636,2639,2642,2645,2648,2651,2654,2657,2660,2663,2666,2669,2672,2675,2678,2681,2684,2687,2690,2693,2696,2699,2702,2705,2708,2711,2714,2717,2720,2723,2726,2729,2732,2735,2738,2741,2744,2747,2750,2752,2755,2758,2761,2764,2767,2770,2773,2776,2779,2782,2785,2788,2791,2794,2797,2800,2803,2806,2809,2812,2815,2818,2821,2824,2827,2830,2833,2836,2839,2842,2845,2848,2851,2854,2857,2860,2863,2866,2869,2872,2875,2878,2881,2884,2887,2890,2893,2896,2899,2902,2905,2908,2911,2914,2917,2920,2923,2926,2929,2932,2935,2938,2941,2944,2947,2950,2953,2956,2959,2962,2965,2968,2971,2974,2977,2980,2983,2986,2989,2992,2995,2998,3001,3004,3007,3010,3013,3016,3019,3022,3025,3028,3031,3034,3037,3040,3043,3046,3049,3052,3055,3058,3061,3064,3067,3070,3073,3076,3079,3082,3085,3088,3091,3094,3097,3100,3102,3105,3108,3111,3114,3117,3120],{"path":1986,"title":1987},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Faccessibility-for-static-sites\u002Faccessible-code-blocks-in-documentation-sites","Accessible 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Content",{"path":2001,"title":2002},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Faccessibility-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-low-color-contrast-flagged-by-lighthouse","Fixing Low Color Contrast Flagged by Lighthouse",{"path":2004,"title":2005},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Faccessibility-for-static-sites","Accessibility for Static Sites",{"path":2007,"title":2008},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Faccessibility-for-static-sites\u002Fkeyboard-navigation-and-focus-order-on-static-sites","Keyboard Navigation and Focus Order on Static Sites",{"path":2010,"title":2011},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Faccessibility-for-static-sites\u002Fskip-links-and-landmarks-in-ssg-layouts","Skip Links and Landmarks in SSG 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Astro",{"path":2362,"title":1660},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fgenerating-sitemaps-for-large-static-sites",{"path":2364,"title":2365},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites","Technical SEO for Static Sites",{"path":2367,"title":2368},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Frobots-txt-and-noindex-for-preview-and-staging","robots.txt and noindex for Preview and Staging",{"path":2370,"title":2371},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Frss-and-atom-feeds-for-static-blogs","RSS and Atom Feeds for Static Blogs",{"path":2373,"title":2374},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Ftechnical-seo-for-static-sites\u002Fseo-safe-pagination-and-tag-pages","SEO-Safe Pagination and Tag Pages",{"path":2376,"title":2377},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-busting-with-content-hashed-filenames","Cache Busting with Content-Hashed Filenames",{"path":2379,"title":2380},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-control-headers-for-static-sites-in-nginx","Cache-Control Headers for Static Sites in Nginx",{"path":2382,"title":2383},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-control-headers-on-s3-and-cloudfront","Cache-Control Headers on S3 and CloudFront",{"path":2385,"title":2386},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-control-headers-on-vercel-for-static-sites","Cache-Control Headers on Vercel for Static Sites",{"path":2388,"title":2389},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-keys-and-query-strings-on-cdns","Cache Keys and Query Strings on CDNs",{"path":2391,"title":2392},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcaching-404s-and-redirects-at-the-edge","Caching 404s and Redirects at the Edge",{"path":2394,"title":2395},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcloudflare-vs-cloudfront-cache-hit-ratios-for-static-sites","Cloudflare vs CloudFront Cache Hit Ratios for Static Sites",{"path":2397,"title":2398},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Ffixing-stale-html-after-deploys-on-cloudflare","Fixing Stale HTML After Deploys on Cloudflare",{"path":2400,"title":2401},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs","CDN Caching Rules for SSGs",{"path":2403,"title":2404},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fpurging-the-cdn-cache-after-a-static-deploy","Purging the CDN Cache After a Static Deploy",{"path":2406,"title":2407},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fsetting-cache-control-headers-on-cloudflare-pages","Cache-Control Headers on Cloudflare Pages",{"path":2409,"title":2410},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fsetting-up-proper-cache-headers-on-netlify","Proper Cache Headers on Netlify for SSGs",{"path":2412,"title":2413},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fstale-while-revalidate-for-static-html","Stale-While-Revalidate for Static HTML",{"path":2415,"title":2416},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Ftiered-caching-and-origin-shield","Tiered Caching and Origin Shield",{"path":2418,"title":2419},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fcode-splitting-and-module-preload-in-vite-based-ssgs","Code Splitting and Module Preload in Vite-Based SSGs",{"path":2421,"title":2422},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Ffixing-missing-tailwind-classes-in-production-builds","Fixing Missing Tailwind Classes in Production Builds",{"path":2424,"title":2425},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Ffixing-unused-javascript-warnings-on-static-pages","Fixing Unused JavaScript Warnings on Static Pages",{"path":2427,"title":2428},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization","CSS and JavaScript Asset Optimization",{"path":2430,"title":2431},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Finlining-critical-css-on-static-sites","Inlining Critical CSS on Static Sites",{"path":2433,"title":2434},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fkeeping-tailwind-css-output-small-on-static-sites","Keeping Tailwind CSS Output Small on Static Sites",{"path":2436,"title":2437},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fminifying-html-css-and-js-in-eleventy","Minifying HTML, CSS and JS in Eleventy",{"path":2439,"title":2440},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fprecompressing-assets-with-brotli-and-zstd","Precompressing Assets with Brotli and Zstd",{"path":2442,"title":2443},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fpurging-unused-css-with-tailwind-and-lightningcss","Purging Unused CSS with Tailwind and Lightning CSS",{"path":2445,"title":2446},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Fsvg-icon-sprites-vs-inline-icons","SVG Icon Sprites vs Inline Icons",{"path":2448,"title":2449},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcss-and-javascript-asset-optimization\u002Ftailwind-v4-in-astro-without-postcss-plugins","Tailwind v4 in Astro Without PostCSS Plugins",{"path":2451,"title":2452},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Fcls-from-client-side-rendered-components","CLS from Client-Side Rendered Components",{"path":2454,"title":2455},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Fdebugging-cls-with-the-layout-instability-api","Debugging CLS with the Layout Instability API",{"path":2457,"title":2458},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Feliminating-layout-shift-from-web-fonts","Eliminating Layout Shift From Web Fonts",{"path":2460,"title":2461},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-cookie-banners","Fixing CLS from Cookie Banners",{"path":2463,"title":2464},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-dynamic-table-of-contents-widgets","Fixing CLS From Dynamic Table of Contents Widgets",{"path":2466,"title":2467},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-images-without-dimensions-in-markdown","Fixing CLS From Images Without Dimensions in Markdown",{"path":2469,"title":2470},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-late-loading-embeds","Fixing CLS From Late-Loading Embeds",{"path":2472,"title":2473},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-sticky-headers-and-anchor-links","Fixing CLS from Sticky Headers and Anchor Links",{"path":2475,"title":2476},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites","Cumulative Layout Shift Fixes for Static Sites",{"path":2478,"title":2479},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Fmeasuring-cls-in-the-field-with-web-vitals-js","Measuring CLS in the Field With web-vitals.js",{"path":2481,"title":2482},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Freserving-space-for-ad-and-promo-slots","Reserving Space for Ad and Promo Slots",{"path":2484,"title":2485},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Freserving-space-for-images-and-embeds-to-stop-layout-shift","Reserving Space for Images and Embeds",{"path":2487,"title":2488},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fauditing-font-payload-per-page","Auditing Font Payload per Page",{"path":2490,"title":2491},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-invisible-text-while-web-fonts-load","Fixing Invisible Text While Web Fonts Load",{"path":2493,"title":2494},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Ffont-display-optional-vs-swap","font-display: optional vs swap",{"path":2496,"title":2497},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites","Font Loading Strategies for Static Sites",{"path":2499,"title":2500},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fmetric-matched-fallback-fonts-with-size-adjust","Metric-Matched Fallback Fonts with size-adjust",{"path":2502,"title":2503},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fpreloading-fonts-without-double-downloads","Preloading Fonts Without Double Downloads",{"path":2505,"title":2506},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fself-hosted-fonts-vs-google-fonts-for-static-sites","Self-Hosted Fonts vs Google Fonts for Static Sites",{"path":2508,"title":2509},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fself-hosting-google-fonts-to-eliminate-layout-shift","Self-Host Google Fonts to Eliminate Layout Shift",{"path":2511,"title":2512},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fsubsetting-variable-fonts-for-faster-first-render","Subsetting Variable Fonts for Faster First Render",{"path":2514,"title":2515},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fusing-system-font-stacks-to-skip-webfonts","Using System Font Stacks to Skip Web Fonts",{"path":2517,"title":2518},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fvariable-fonts-vs-static-weights","Variable Fonts vs Static Weights",{"path":2520,"title":2521},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fart-direction-with-the-picture-element","Art Direction with the Picture Element",{"path":2523,"title":2524},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fblur-up-placeholders-with-lqip","Blur-Up Placeholders with LQIP",{"path":2526,"title":2527},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fbuilding-an-image-cdn-pipeline-for-static-sites","Building an Image CDN Pipeline for Static Sites",{"path":2529,"title":2530},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fcaching-processed-images-between-builds","Caching Processed Images Between Builds",{"path":2532,"title":2533},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Ffixing-blurry-images-from-astro-assets-resizing","Fixing Blurry Images From astro:assets Resizing",{"path":2535,"title":2536},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fgenerating-open-graph-images-at-build-time","Generating Open Graph Images at Build Time",{"path":2538,"title":2539},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro","Image Optimization Pipelines in Astro",{"path":2541,"title":2542},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Flazy-loading-images-without-hurting-lcp","Lazy-Loading Images Without Hurting LCP",{"path":2544,"title":2545},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Foptimizing-webp-images-in-hugo-without-plugins","Optimizing WebP Images in Hugo Without Plugins",{"path":2547,"title":2548},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fresponsive-images-with-srcset-in-eleventy","Responsive Images with srcset in Eleventy",{"path":2550,"title":2551},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fserving-astro-images-through-cloudflare-image-resizing","Serving Astro Images Through Cloudflare Image Resizing",{"path":2553,"title":2554},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fimage-optimization-pipelines-in-astro\u002Fserving-avif-with-fallbacks-on-static-sites","Serving AVIF With Fallbacks on Static Sites",{"path":2556,"title":2557},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs","Core Web Vitals Optimization for SSGs",{"path":2559,"title":2560},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fastro-islands-vs-full-hydration-performance","Astro Islands vs Full Hydration Performance",{"path":2562,"title":2563},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fbreaking-up-long-tasks-on-static-sites","Breaking Up Long Tasks on Static Sites",{"path":2565,"title":2566},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fdeferring-hydration-with-client-visible-in-astro","Deferring Hydration with client:visible in Astro",{"path":2568,"title":2569},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Ffixing-hydration-mismatch-errors-in-astro-islands","Fixing Hydration Mismatch Errors in Astro Islands",{"path":2571,"title":2572},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Ffixing-poor-inp-on-static-pages-with-heavy-widgets","Fixing Poor INP on Static Pages With Heavy Widgets",{"path":2574,"title":2575},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fhow-to-reduce-bundle-size-in-eleventy-builds","How to Reduce Bundle Size in Eleventy Builds",{"path":2577,"title":2578},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering","JavaScript Hydration & Partial Rendering",{"path":2580,"title":2581},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fmeasuring-inp-on-static-sites-with-real-user-monitoring","Measuring INP on Static Sites with RUM",{"path":2583,"title":2584},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fpreact-vs-react-islands-bundle-size","Preact vs React Islands Bundle Size",{"path":2586,"title":2587},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Freplacing-react-islands-with-web-components","Replacing React Islands with Web Components",{"path":2589,"title":2590},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fjavascript-hydration-partial-rendering\u002Fserver-islands-in-astro","Server Islands in Astro",{"path":2592,"title":2593},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Flargest-contentful-paint-optimization-for-static-sites\u002Feliminating-render-blocking-css-on-static-sites","Eliminating Render-Blocking CSS on Static 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