[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2564},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page:\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fastro-vs-eleventy-for-documentation-sites\u002Fupgrading-eleventy-2-to-3-with-esm-configuration":3,"all-docs-nav":1413,"filed:\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fastro-vs-eleventy-for-documentation-sites\u002Fupgrading-eleventy-2-to-3-with-esm-configuration":2555},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"breadcrumb":1389,"dateModified":1399,"datePublished":1399,"description":1400,"extension":1401,"faq":1402,"meta":1407,"navigation":574,"path":1408,"seo":1409,"slug":12,"stem":1410,"type":1411,"__hash__":1412},"content\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fastro-vs-eleventy-for-documentation-sites\u002Fupgrading-eleventy-2-to-3-with-esm-configuration\u002Findex.md","Upgrading Eleventy 2 to 3 With ESM Configuration",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1368},"minimark",[9,13,26,35,40,53,57,60,83,86,90,93,102,213,228,394,398,405,425,440,444,463,486,717,728,732,745,754,775,841,852,949,953,956,964,968,986,999,1003,1006,1010,1115,1234,1238,1280,1284,1289,1293,1298,1301,1305,1308,1312,1315,1319,1322,1326,1364],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"upgrading-eleventy-2-to-3-with-esm-configuration",[14,15,16,17,21,22,25],"p",{},"Eleventy 3 brought first-class ES modules, a smaller dependency tree, and a configuration API that the newer plugins assume. Upgrading is mostly painless, but \"mostly\" hides a handful of failures that are easy to misread: a plugin throwing ",[18,19,20],"code",{},"require is not defined",", a data file silently returning ",[18,23,24],{},"undefined",", a Nunjucks filter that formats dates one day off. The safest way through is two separate steps — upgrade the package with the existing CommonJS config, verify the output, then convert the config and data files to ESM and verify again.",[14,27,28,29,34],{},"This guide upgrades a 2,300-page documentation and blog site from Eleventy 2.0.1 to 3.0, converts it to ESM, and checks the result with a full output diff. It belongs to ",[30,31,33],"a",{"href":32},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fastro-vs-eleventy-for-documentation-sites\u002F","Astro vs Eleventy for Documentation Sites",", where Eleventy's upgrade path is part of its long-term maintenance cost.",[36,37,39],"h2",{"id":38},"prerequisites","Prerequisites",[41,42,43,47,50],"ul",{},[44,45,46],"li",{},"Node.js 18 or later (Eleventy 3 requires it; the site used Node 20 LTS).",[44,48,49],{},"The site building cleanly on Eleventy 2 with no warnings you have been ignoring.",[44,51,52],{},"A clean git working tree, so each step can be committed and reverted independently.",[36,54,56],{"id":55},"step-1-take-a-baseline-build","Step 1: Take a Baseline Build",[14,58,59],{},"Build the site on Eleventy 2 and keep the output for comparison, along with timing:",[61,62,67],"pre",{"className":63,"code":64,"language":65,"meta":66,"style":66},"language-sh shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","rm -rf _site && npx @11ty\u002Feleventy --quiet && mv _site \u002Ftmp\u002Fsite-v2\nhyperfine --warmup 1 --runs 5 'rm -rf _site && npx @11ty\u002Feleventy --quiet'\n","sh","",[18,68,69,77],{"__ignoreMap":66},[70,71,74],"span",{"class":72,"line":73},"line",1,[70,75,76],{},"rm -rf _site && npx @11ty\u002Feleventy --quiet && mv _site \u002Ftmp\u002Fsite-v2\n",[70,78,80],{"class":72,"line":79},2,[70,81,82],{},"hyperfine --warmup 1 --runs 5 'rm -rf _site && npx @11ty\u002Feleventy --quiet'\n",[14,84,85],{},"The baseline was 2,341 files and a full build of 48.2 s ± 1.1 on the CI runner.",[36,87,89],{"id":88},"step-2-upgrade-with-the-upgrade-helper","Step 2: Upgrade With the Upgrade Helper",[14,91,92],{},"Install Eleventy 3 and the upgrade helper plugin, and add the helper as the last plugin in the existing CommonJS config:",[61,94,96],{"className":63,"code":95,"language":65,"meta":66,"style":66},"npm install @11ty\u002Feleventy@3 @11ty\u002Feleventy-upgrade-help@3\n",[18,97,98],{"__ignoreMap":66},[70,99,100],{"class":72,"line":73},[70,101,95],{},[61,103,107],{"className":104,"code":105,"language":106,"meta":66,"style":66},"language-js shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","\u002F\u002F .eleventy.js (still CommonJS)\nmodule.exports = async function (eleventyConfig) {\n  \u002F\u002F ...existing config...\n  const { default: UpgradeHelper } = await import('@11ty\u002Feleventy-upgrade-help');\n  eleventyConfig.addPlugin(UpgradeHelper);\n};\n","js",[18,108,109,115,148,154,194,207],{"__ignoreMap":66},[70,110,111],{"class":72,"line":73},[70,112,114],{"class":113},"sJ8bj","\u002F\u002F .eleventy.js (still CommonJS)\n",[70,116,117,121,125,128,132,135,138,141,145],{"class":72,"line":79},[70,118,120],{"class":119},"sj4cs","module",[70,122,124],{"class":123},"sVt8B",".",[70,126,127],{"class":119},"exports",[70,129,131],{"class":130},"szBVR"," =",[70,133,134],{"class":130}," async",[70,136,137],{"class":130}," function",[70,139,140],{"class":123}," (",[70,142,144],{"class":143},"s4XuR","eleventyConfig",[70,146,147],{"class":123},") {\n",[70,149,151],{"class":72,"line":150},3,[70,152,153],{"class":113},"  \u002F\u002F ...existing config...\n",[70,155,157,160,163,166,169,172,175,178,181,184,187,191],{"class":72,"line":156},4,[70,158,159],{"class":130},"  const",[70,161,162],{"class":123}," { ",[70,164,165],{"class":143},"default",[70,167,168],{"class":123},": ",[70,170,171],{"class":119},"UpgradeHelper",[70,173,174],{"class":123}," } ",[70,176,177],{"class":130},"=",[70,179,180],{"class":130}," await",[70,182,183],{"class":130}," import",[70,185,186],{"class":123},"(",[70,188,190],{"class":189},"sZZnC","'@11ty\u002Feleventy-upgrade-help'",[70,192,193],{"class":123},");\n",[70,195,197,200,204],{"class":72,"line":196},5,[70,198,199],{"class":123},"  eleventyConfig.",[70,201,203],{"class":202},"sScJk","addPlugin",[70,205,206],{"class":123},"(UpgradeHelper);\n",[70,208,210],{"class":72,"line":209},6,[70,211,212],{"class":123},"};\n",[14,214,215,216,219,220,223,224,227],{},"The helper prints a report on the first build. On this site it flagged three things: the ",[18,217,218],{},"eleventyConfig.addPlugin"," call for an RSS plugin pinned to a version that did not support Eleventy 3, a deprecated ",[18,221,222],{},"eleventyConfig.addWatchTarget"," glob syntax, and a reminder that Eleventy 3 no longer deep-merges ",[18,225,226],{},"eleventyComputed"," arrays.",[229,230,231,390],"figure",{},[232,233,240,241,240,245,240,249,240,256,240,375],"svg",{"viewBox":234,"role":235,"ariaLabelledBy":236,"xmlns":239},"0 0 760 168","img",[237,238],"e11up-steps-title","e11up-steps-desc","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg","\n  ",[242,243,244],"title",{"id":237},"The order of steps in the Eleventy 2 to 3 upgrade",[246,247,248],"desc",{"id":238},"Five steps. Build a baseline with Eleventy 2 and keep the output. Upgrade the package to Eleventy 3 with the upgrade helper, keeping CommonJS config. Diff the output against the baseline and fix differences. Convert config and data files to ESM. Diff again and remove the upgrade helper.",[250,251],"rect",{"x":252,"y":252,"width":253,"height":254,"fill":255},"0","760","168","#ffffff",[257,258,260,261,260,271,260,276,260,283,260,289,260,292,260,295,260,298,260,304,260,307,260,315,260,321,260,325,260,330,260,335,260,339,260,343,260,347,260,351,260,355,260,359,260,362,260,365,260,368,260,372,240],"g",{"style":259},"font-family:system-ui, sans-serif;font-size:12px","\n    ",[250,262],{"x":263,"y":264,"width":265,"height":266,"rx":267,"fill":268,"stroke":269,"style":270},"20.0","64.0","116.8","88.4","8","#f8fafc","#d9e2ef","stroke-width:1.5px",[250,272],{"x":273,"y":264,"width":265,"height":266,"rx":267,"fill":274,"opacity":275,"stroke":274,"style":270},"170.8","#1982c4","0.14",[277,278],"path",{"d":279,"fill":280,"stroke":281,"style":282},"M138.8 108.2 L166.8 108.2","none","#556071","stroke-width:2px;marker-end:url(#e11up-steps-arrow)",[250,284],{"x":285,"y":264,"width":265,"height":266,"rx":267,"fill":286,"opacity":287,"stroke":288,"style":270},"321.6","#ffca3a","0.24","#a97b00",[277,290],{"d":291,"fill":280,"stroke":281,"style":282},"M289.6 108.2 L317.6 108.2",[250,293],{"x":294,"y":264,"width":265,"height":266,"rx":267,"fill":274,"opacity":275,"stroke":274,"style":270},"472.4",[277,296],{"d":297,"fill":280,"stroke":281,"style":282},"M440.4 108.2 L468.4 108.2",[250,299],{"x":300,"y":264,"width":265,"height":266,"rx":267,"fill":301,"opacity":302,"stroke":303,"style":270},"623.2","#8ac926","0.2","#5a8a16",[277,305],{"d":306,"fill":280,"stroke":281,"style":282},"M591.2 108.2 L619.2 108.2",[308,309,314],"text",{"x":310,"y":311,"fill":312,"style":313},"380.0","30.0","#1f2937","font-size:16px;text-anchor:middle;font-weight:700","A two-step upgrade",[308,316,320],{"x":317,"y":318,"fill":312,"style":319},"78.4","97.5","font-size:13px;text-anchor:middle;font-weight:700","Baseline on",[308,322,324],{"x":317,"y":323,"fill":312,"style":319},"114.4","v2",[308,326,329],{"x":317,"y":327,"fill":281,"style":328},"131.3","font-size:11px;text-anchor:middle","keep _site output",[308,331,334],{"x":332,"y":333,"fill":312,"style":319},"229.2","90.4","Upgrade to",[308,336,338],{"x":332,"y":337,"fill":312,"style":319},"107.3","v3",[308,340,342],{"x":332,"y":341,"fill":281,"style":328},"124.2","CommonJS config",[308,344,346],{"x":332,"y":345,"fill":281,"style":328},"138.5","+ helper",[308,348,350],{"x":310,"y":349,"fill":312,"style":319},"106.0","Diff and fix",[308,352,354],{"x":310,"y":353,"fill":281,"style":328},"122.9","against baseline",[308,356,358],{"x":357,"y":333,"fill":312,"style":319},"530.8","Convert to",[308,360,361],{"x":357,"y":337,"fill":312,"style":319},"ESM",[308,363,364],{"x":357,"y":341,"fill":281,"style":328},"config, data,",[308,366,367],{"x":357,"y":345,"fill":281,"style":328},"filters",[308,369,371],{"x":370,"y":349,"fill":312,"style":319},"681.6","Diff again",[308,373,374],{"x":370,"y":353,"fill":281,"style":328},"remove helper",[376,377,260,378,240],"defs",{},[379,380,386,387,260],"marker",{"id":381,"viewBox":382,"refX":267,"refY":383,"markerWidth":384,"markerHeight":384,"orient":385},"e11up-steps-arrow","0 0 10 10","5","7","auto-start-reverse","\n      ",[277,388],{"d":389,"fill":281},"M0 0 L10 5 L0 10 z",[391,392,393],"figcaption",{},"Separating the version upgrade from the ESM conversion means each diff has one cause.",[36,395,397],{"id":396},"step-3-fix-plugins-and-diff-the-output","Step 3: Fix Plugins and Diff the Output",[14,399,400,401,404],{},"The RSS plugin needed upgrading to ",[18,402,403],{},"@11ty\u002Feleventy-plugin-rss@2",", whose API changed from filters to a virtual template. Two other plugins worked unchanged. Then the output diff:",[61,406,408],{"className":63,"code":407,"language":65,"meta":66,"style":66},"rm -rf _site && npx @11ty\u002Feleventy --quiet\ndiff -r -q \u002Ftmp\u002Fsite-v2 _site | wc -l   # files that differ\ndiff -r \u002Ftmp\u002Fsite-v2 _site | head -50   # what differs\n",[18,409,410,415,420],{"__ignoreMap":66},[70,411,412],{"class":72,"line":73},[70,413,414],{},"rm -rf _site && npx @11ty\u002Feleventy --quiet\n",[70,416,417],{"class":72,"line":79},[70,418,419],{},"diff -r -q \u002Ftmp\u002Fsite-v2 _site | wc -l   # files that differ\n",[70,421,422],{"class":72,"line":150},[70,423,424],{},"diff -r \u002Ftmp\u002Fsite-v2 _site | head -50   # what differs\n",[14,426,427,428,431,432,435,436,439],{},"Fourteen files differed. Twelve were the RSS feeds, where the new plugin produced equivalent XML with different attribute order — verified by parsing both and comparing items. Two blog posts showed dates one day earlier. The cause was a custom ",[18,429,430],{},"readableDate"," filter that called ",[18,433,434],{},"new Date(value)"," on a front matter string, which Eleventy 3's updated date handling now passes through as a ",[18,437,438],{},"Date"," already in UTC. Making the filter format in UTC explicitly fixed both.",[36,441,443],{"id":442},"step-4-convert-the-config-to-esm","Step 4: Convert the Config to ESM",[14,445,446,447,450,451,454,455,458,459,462],{},"With output matching, convert. Set the package type and rename nothing — ",[18,448,449],{},".eleventy.js"," is read as ESM once ",[18,452,453],{},"\"type\": \"module\""," is in ",[18,456,457],{},"package.json",", though renaming to ",[18,460,461],{},"eleventy.config.js"," matches the current docs:",[61,464,468],{"className":465,"code":466,"language":467,"meta":66,"style":66},"language-json shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","{ \"type\": \"module\" }\n","json",[18,469,470],{"__ignoreMap":66},[70,471,472,475,478,480,483],{"class":72,"line":73},[70,473,474],{"class":123},"{ ",[70,476,477],{"class":119},"\"type\"",[70,479,168],{"class":123},[70,481,482],{"class":189},"\"module\"",[70,484,485],{"class":123}," }\n",[61,487,489],{"className":104,"code":488,"language":106,"meta":66,"style":66},"\u002F\u002F eleventy.config.js\nimport pluginRss from '@11ty\u002Feleventy-plugin-rss';\nimport syntaxHighlight from '@11ty\u002Feleventy-plugin-syntaxhighlight';\nimport markdownIt from 'markdown-it';\nimport markdownItAnchor from 'markdown-it-anchor';\nimport { readableDate, excerpt } from '.\u002Fconfig\u002Ffilters.js';\n\nexport default function (eleventyConfig) {\n  eleventyConfig.addPlugin(pluginRss);\n  eleventyConfig.addPlugin(syntaxHighlight);\n  eleventyConfig.setLibrary('md', markdownIt({ html: true }).use(markdownItAnchor));\n  eleventyConfig.addFilter('readableDate', readableDate);\n  eleventyConfig.addFilter('excerpt', excerpt);\n}\n\nexport const config = { dir: { input: 'src', output: '_site' } };\n",[18,490,491,496,513,527,541,555,569,576,593,603,613,647,663,678,684,689],{"__ignoreMap":66},[70,492,493],{"class":72,"line":73},[70,494,495],{"class":113},"\u002F\u002F eleventy.config.js\n",[70,497,498,501,504,507,510],{"class":72,"line":79},[70,499,500],{"class":130},"import",[70,502,503],{"class":123}," pluginRss ",[70,505,506],{"class":130},"from",[70,508,509],{"class":189}," '@11ty\u002Feleventy-plugin-rss'",[70,511,512],{"class":123},";\n",[70,514,515,517,520,522,525],{"class":72,"line":150},[70,516,500],{"class":130},[70,518,519],{"class":123}," syntaxHighlight ",[70,521,506],{"class":130},[70,523,524],{"class":189}," '@11ty\u002Feleventy-plugin-syntaxhighlight'",[70,526,512],{"class":123},[70,528,529,531,534,536,539],{"class":72,"line":156},[70,530,500],{"class":130},[70,532,533],{"class":123}," markdownIt ",[70,535,506],{"class":130},[70,537,538],{"class":189}," 'markdown-it'",[70,540,512],{"class":123},[70,542,543,545,548,550,553],{"class":72,"line":196},[70,544,500],{"class":130},[70,546,547],{"class":123}," markdownItAnchor ",[70,549,506],{"class":130},[70,551,552],{"class":189}," 'markdown-it-anchor'",[70,554,512],{"class":123},[70,556,557,559,562,564,567],{"class":72,"line":209},[70,558,500],{"class":130},[70,560,561],{"class":123}," { readableDate, excerpt } ",[70,563,506],{"class":130},[70,565,566],{"class":189}," '.\u002Fconfig\u002Ffilters.js'",[70,568,512],{"class":123},[70,570,572],{"class":72,"line":571},7,[70,573,575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":574},true,"\n",[70,577,579,582,585,587,589,591],{"class":72,"line":578},8,[70,580,581],{"class":130},"export",[70,583,584],{"class":130}," default",[70,586,137],{"class":130},[70,588,140],{"class":123},[70,590,144],{"class":143},[70,592,147],{"class":123},[70,594,596,598,600],{"class":72,"line":595},9,[70,597,199],{"class":123},[70,599,203],{"class":202},[70,601,602],{"class":123},"(pluginRss);\n",[70,604,606,608,610],{"class":72,"line":605},10,[70,607,199],{"class":123},[70,609,203],{"class":202},[70,611,612],{"class":123},"(syntaxHighlight);\n",[70,614,616,618,621,623,626,629,632,635,638,641,644],{"class":72,"line":615},11,[70,617,199],{"class":123},[70,619,620],{"class":202},"setLibrary",[70,622,186],{"class":123},[70,624,625],{"class":189},"'md'",[70,627,628],{"class":123},", ",[70,630,631],{"class":202},"markdownIt",[70,633,634],{"class":123},"({ html: ",[70,636,637],{"class":119},"true",[70,639,640],{"class":123}," }).",[70,642,643],{"class":202},"use",[70,645,646],{"class":123},"(markdownItAnchor));\n",[70,648,650,652,655,657,660],{"class":72,"line":649},12,[70,651,199],{"class":123},[70,653,654],{"class":202},"addFilter",[70,656,186],{"class":123},[70,658,659],{"class":189},"'readableDate'",[70,661,662],{"class":123},", readableDate);\n",[70,664,666,668,670,672,675],{"class":72,"line":665},13,[70,667,199],{"class":123},[70,669,654],{"class":202},[70,671,186],{"class":123},[70,673,674],{"class":189},"'excerpt'",[70,676,677],{"class":123},", excerpt);\n",[70,679,681],{"class":72,"line":680},14,[70,682,683],{"class":123},"}\n",[70,685,687],{"class":72,"line":686},15,[70,688,575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":574},[70,690,692,694,697,700,702,705,708,711,714],{"class":72,"line":691},16,[70,693,581],{"class":130},[70,695,696],{"class":130}," const",[70,698,699],{"class":119}," config",[70,701,131],{"class":130},[70,703,704],{"class":123}," { dir: { input: ",[70,706,707],{"class":189},"'src'",[70,709,710],{"class":123},", output: ",[70,712,713],{"class":189},"'_site'",[70,715,716],{"class":123}," } };\n",[14,718,719,720,723,724,727],{},"The ",[18,721,722],{},"dir"," settings move to a named ",[18,725,726],{},"config"," export, which Eleventy 3 reads before running the config function.",[36,729,731],{"id":730},"step-5-convert-data-files-filters-and-shortcodes","Step 5: Convert Data Files, Filters and Shortcodes",[14,733,734,736,737,740,741,744],{},[18,735,453],{}," changes how every ",[18,738,739],{},".js"," file in the project is loaded, which catches data files and helpers that still use ",[18,742,743],{},"module.exports",". A grep finds them:",[61,746,748],{"className":63,"code":747,"language":65,"meta":66,"style":66},"grep -rlE 'module\\.exports|require\\(' src config | grep -v node_modules\n",[18,749,750],{"__ignoreMap":66},[70,751,752],{"class":72,"line":73},[70,753,747],{},[14,755,756,757,760,761,628,764,767,768,770,771,774],{},"Nineteen files. Each needed ",[18,758,759],{},"module.exports ="," changed to ",[18,762,763],{},"export default",[18,765,766],{},"require"," to ",[18,769,500],{},", and ",[18,772,773],{},"__dirname"," replaced:",[61,776,778],{"className":104,"code":777,"language":106,"meta":66,"style":66},"import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';\nimport path from 'node:path';\nconst __dirname = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));\n",[18,779,780,794,808],{"__ignoreMap":66},[70,781,782,784,787,789,792],{"class":72,"line":73},[70,783,500],{"class":130},[70,785,786],{"class":123}," { fileURLToPath } ",[70,788,506],{"class":130},[70,790,791],{"class":189}," 'node:url'",[70,793,512],{"class":123},[70,795,796,798,801,803,806],{"class":72,"line":79},[70,797,500],{"class":130},[70,799,800],{"class":123}," path ",[70,802,506],{"class":130},[70,804,805],{"class":189}," 'node:path'",[70,807,512],{"class":123},[70,809,810,813,816,818,821,824,826,829,831,833,835,838],{"class":72,"line":150},[70,811,812],{"class":130},"const",[70,814,815],{"class":119}," __dirname",[70,817,131],{"class":130},[70,819,820],{"class":123}," path.",[70,822,823],{"class":202},"dirname",[70,825,186],{"class":123},[70,827,828],{"class":202},"fileURLToPath",[70,830,186],{"class":123},[70,832,500],{"class":130},[70,834,124],{"class":123},[70,836,837],{"class":119},"meta",[70,839,840],{"class":123},".url));\n",[14,842,843,844,847,848,851],{},"JSON imports in data files use import attributes: ",[18,845,846],{},"import authors from '.\u002Fauthors.json' with { type: 'json' };",". Files that could not be converted quickly — one third-party script vendored into the repo — were renamed to ",[18,849,850],{},".cjs",", which Node always treats as CommonJS.",[229,853,854,946],{},[232,855,240,860,240,863,240,866,240,869],{"viewBox":856,"role":235,"ariaLabelledBy":857,"xmlns":239},"0 0 760 244",[858,859],"e11up-files-title","e11up-files-desc",[242,861,862],{"id":858},"Number of files changed by kind during the ESM conversion",[246,864,865],{"id":859},"Horizontal bars. Data files using module.exports 9. Filters and shortcodes using require 6. Files using __dirname 3. Vendored script renamed to cjs 1. Config file 1.",[250,867],{"x":252,"y":252,"width":253,"height":868,"fill":255},"244",[257,870,260,871,260,879,260,883,260,888,260,893,260,896,260,899,260,902,260,907,260,913,260,917,260,922,260,926,260,930,260,934,260,939,260,943,240],{"style":259},[250,872],{"x":873,"y":874,"width":875,"height":263,"rx":876,"fill":274,"opacity":877,"stroke":274,"style":878},"240.0","65.0","475.6","3","0.3","stroke-width:1px",[250,880],{"x":873,"y":881,"width":882,"height":263,"rx":876,"fill":274,"opacity":877,"stroke":274,"style":878},"99.0","317.1",[250,884],{"x":873,"y":885,"width":886,"height":263,"rx":876,"fill":286,"opacity":887,"stroke":288,"style":878},"133.0","158.5","0.45",[250,889],{"x":873,"y":890,"width":891,"height":263,"rx":876,"fill":892,"opacity":877,"stroke":892,"style":878},"167.0","52.8","#6a4c93",[250,894],{"x":873,"y":895,"width":891,"height":263,"rx":876,"fill":269,"stroke":281,"style":878},"201.0",[277,897],{"d":898,"fill":280,"stroke":281,"style":270},"M240.0 60.0 L240.0 226.0",[308,900,901],{"x":310,"y":311,"fill":312,"style":313},"What needed changing in the ESM conversion",[308,903,906],{"x":263,"y":904,"fill":312,"style":905},"79.2","font-size:12px;text-anchor:start","Data files (module.exports)",[308,908,912],{"x":909,"y":910,"fill":312,"style":911},"723.6","79.5","font-size:12px;text-anchor:start;font-weight:700","9",[308,914,916],{"x":263,"y":915,"fill":312,"style":905},"113.2","Filters and shortcodes",[308,918,921],{"x":919,"y":920,"fill":312,"style":911},"565.1","113.5","6",[308,923,925],{"x":263,"y":924,"fill":312,"style":905},"147.2","Uses __dirname",[308,927,876],{"x":928,"y":929,"fill":312,"style":911},"406.5","147.5",[308,931,933],{"x":263,"y":932,"fill":312,"style":905},"181.2","Config file",[308,935,938],{"x":936,"y":937,"fill":312,"style":911},"300.8","181.5","1",[308,940,942],{"x":263,"y":941,"fill":312,"style":905},"215.2","Vendored script → .cjs",[308,944,938],{"x":936,"y":945,"fill":312,"style":911},"215.5",[391,947,948],{},"20 files in total; a grep for module.exports and require found all of them.",[36,950,952],{"id":951},"step-6-diff-again-and-remove-the-helper","Step 6: Diff Again and Remove the Helper",[14,954,955],{},"A second full diff against the Eleventy 2 baseline showed only the twelve RSS files, already verified as equivalent. The upgrade helper was removed, since it is meant only for the transition. Final timings:",[61,957,958],{"className":63,"code":82,"language":65,"meta":66,"style":66},[18,959,960],{"__ignoreMap":66},[70,961,962],{"class":72,"line":73},[70,963,82],{},[36,965,967],{"id":966},"updating-ci-and-local-tooling","Updating CI and Local Tooling",[14,969,970,971,974,975,978,979,982,983,985],{},"Three things outside the Eleventy config needed attention. The CI workflow pinned Node 16 in ",[18,972,973],{},"actions\u002Fsetup-node",", which Eleventy 3 does not support; it moved to Node 20 with ",[18,976,977],{},"node-version-file: .nvmrc"," so local and CI versions stay in step. A pre-commit hook ran a small script with ",[18,980,981],{},"node scripts\u002Fcheck-frontmatter.js",", which used ",[18,984,766],{}," and failed once the package type changed; it was converted alongside the data files. And the editor setup for writers, which used a VS Code extension to preview Nunjucks, needed no change at all.",[14,987,988,989,991,992,994,995,998],{},"Third-party tools that load the config file are worth checking too. The site's link checker imported ",[18,990,449],{}," to read the output directory, which broke when the file became ESM and moved its ",[18,993,722],{}," settings to a named export. Changing the checker to read ",[18,996,997],{},"_site"," from an environment variable removed the coupling, and is simpler anyway.",[36,1000,1002],{"id":1001},"what-did-not-need-to-change","What Did Not Need to Change",[14,1004,1005],{},"Templates were untouched. Nunjucks, Liquid and Markdown templates rendered identically apart from the date filter, collections behaved as before, pagination worked unchanged, and permalinks were identical across all 2,341 files. Eleventy's own documentation describes most of the upgrade as configuration-level, and on this site that was accurate: the work was in the JavaScript around the templates, not in the templates.",[36,1007,1009],{"id":1008},"measured-impact","Measured Impact",[1011,1012,1013,1032],"table",{},[1014,1015,1016],"thead",{},[1017,1018,1019,1023,1026,1029],"tr",{},[1020,1021,1022],"th",{},"Measure",[1020,1024,1025],{},"Eleventy 2.0.1",[1020,1027,1028],{},"Eleventy 3.0 (ESM)",[1020,1030,1031],{},"Tool",[1033,1034,1035,1050,1066,1085,1099],"tbody",{},[1017,1036,1037,1041,1044,1047],{},[1038,1039,1040],"td",{},"Full build",[1038,1042,1043],{},"48.2 s ± 1.1",[1038,1045,1046],{},"41.0 s ± 0.8",[1038,1048,1049],{},"hyperfine, 5 runs",[1017,1051,1052,1055,1058,1061],{},[1038,1053,1054],{},"Peak memory",[1038,1056,1057],{},"1.31 GB",[1038,1059,1060],{},"1.15 GB",[1038,1062,1063],{},[18,1064,1065],{},"\u002Fusr\u002Fbin\u002Ftime -v",[1017,1067,1068,1074,1077,1080],{},[1038,1069,1070,1073],{},[18,1071,1072],{},"node_modules"," size",[1038,1075,1076],{},"214 MB",[1038,1078,1079],{},"158 MB",[1038,1081,1082],{},[18,1083,1084],{},"du -sh",[1017,1086,1087,1090,1093,1095],{},[1038,1088,1089],{},"Direct dependencies",[1038,1091,1092],{},"14",[1038,1094,1092],{},[1038,1096,1097],{},[18,1098,457],{},[1017,1100,1101,1104,1107,1110],{},[1038,1102,1103],{},"Output files differing (after fixes)",[1038,1105,1106],{},"—",[1038,1108,1109],{},"12 RSS, equivalent",[1038,1111,1112],{},[18,1113,1114],{},"diff -r",[229,1116,1117,1231],{},[232,1118,240,1123,240,1126,240,1129,240,1132],{"viewBox":1119,"role":235,"ariaLabelledBy":1120,"xmlns":239},"0 0 760 248",[1121,1122],"e11up-metrics-title","e11up-metrics-desc",[242,1124,1125],{"id":1121},"Build time, memory and install size before and after the upgrade",[246,1127,1128],{"id":1122},"Paired bars. Full build time went from 48.2 to 41.0 seconds. Peak memory from 1,310 to 1,150 megabytes. node_modules size from 214 to 158 megabytes.",[250,1130],{"x":252,"y":252,"width":253,"height":1131,"fill":255},"248",[257,1133,260,1134,260,1143,260,1147,260,1153,260,1157,260,1161,260,1165,260,1169,260,1173,260,1176,260,1179,260,1183,260,1187,260,1191,260,1198,260,1204,260,1207,260,1212,260,1217,260,1221,260,1226,240],{"style":259},[250,1135],{"x":1136,"y":1137,"width":1138,"height":1139,"rx":1140,"fill":1141,"opacity":877,"stroke":1142,"style":878},"264.4","50.0","14.0","12.0","2","#ff595e","#d83b41",[250,1144],{"x":1145,"y":1137,"width":1138,"height":1139,"rx":1140,"fill":301,"opacity":1146,"stroke":303,"style":878},"400.8","0.4",[250,1148],{"x":1149,"y":1150,"width":1151,"height":1152,"rx":876,"fill":1141,"opacity":877,"stroke":1142,"style":878},"230.0","82.0","98.5","16.0",[250,1154],{"x":1149,"y":1155,"width":1156,"height":1152,"rx":876,"fill":301,"opacity":1146,"stroke":303,"style":878},"102.0","83.8",[250,1158],{"x":1149,"y":1159,"width":1160,"height":1152,"rx":876,"fill":1141,"opacity":877,"stroke":1142,"style":878},"134.0","267.8",[250,1162],{"x":1149,"y":1163,"width":1164,"height":1152,"rx":876,"fill":301,"opacity":1146,"stroke":303,"style":878},"154.0","235.1",[250,1166],{"x":1149,"y":1167,"width":1168,"height":1152,"rx":876,"fill":1141,"opacity":877,"stroke":1142,"style":878},"186.0","437.5",[250,1170],{"x":1149,"y":1171,"width":1172,"height":1152,"rx":876,"fill":301,"opacity":1146,"stroke":303,"style":878},"206.0","323.0",[277,1174],{"d":1175,"fill":280,"stroke":281,"style":270},"M230.0 78.0 L230.0 228.0",[308,1177,1178],{"x":310,"y":311,"fill":312,"style":313},"Eleventy 2 against Eleventy 3 on the same site",[308,1180,1025],{"x":1181,"y":1182,"fill":281,"style":905},"284.4","60.0",[308,1184,1186],{"x":1185,"y":1182,"fill":281,"style":905},"420.8","Eleventy 3.0",[308,1188,1190],{"x":263,"y":1189,"fill":312,"style":905},"105.2","Full build (s)",[308,1192,1197],{"x":1193,"y":1194,"fill":1195,"style":1196},"335.5","94.5","#b32b30","font-size:11.5px;text-anchor:start;font-weight:700","48.2",[308,1199,1203],{"x":1200,"y":1201,"fill":1202,"style":1196},"320.8","114.5","#3f6410","41.0",[308,1205,1054],{"x":263,"y":1206,"fill":312,"style":905},"157.2",[308,1208,1211],{"x":1209,"y":1210,"fill":1195,"style":1196},"504.8","146.5","1,310 MB",[308,1213,1216],{"x":1214,"y":1215,"fill":1202,"style":1196},"472.1","166.5","1,150 MB",[308,1218,1220],{"x":263,"y":1219,"fill":312,"style":905},"209.2","node_modules (MB)",[308,1222,1225],{"x":1223,"y":1224,"fill":1195,"style":1196},"674.5","198.5","214",[308,1227,1230],{"x":1228,"y":1229,"fill":1202,"style":1196},"560.0","218.5","158",[391,1232,1233],{},"Same 2,300-page site, same CI runner, measured with hyperfine and GNU time.",[36,1235,1237],{"id":1236},"pitfalls-rollback","Pitfalls & Rollback",[41,1239,1240,1247,1253,1264,1270],{},[44,1241,1242,1246],{},[1243,1244,1245],"strong",{},"Upgrading and converting in one commit."," If the output changes, you cannot tell which step caused it.",[44,1248,1249,1252],{},[1243,1250,1251],{},"Skipping the output diff."," Date handling and plugin changes show up only in the output.",[44,1254,1255,1258,1259,736,1261,1263],{},[1243,1256,1257],{},"Forgetting data files."," ",[18,1260,453],{},[18,1262,739],{}," file loads, not just the config.",[44,1265,1266,1269],{},[1243,1267,1268],{},"Unmaintained plugins."," Check each plugin's Eleventy 3 support before upgrading; replace or vendor the ones without it.",[44,1271,1272,1275,1276,1279],{},[1243,1273,1274],{},"Rollback:"," revert the ESM commit to return to CommonJS on Eleventy 3, or revert both commits to return to Eleventy 2 — the baseline output in ",[18,1277,1278],{},"\u002Ftmp\u002Fsite-v2"," confirms the rollback is exact.",[36,1281,1283],{"id":1282},"conclusion","Conclusion",[14,1285,1286,1287,124],{},"The Eleventy 3 upgrade is safest as two verified steps: the version first, with CommonJS config and the upgrade helper, then the ESM conversion of config, data and helpers. A full output diff after each step turned up the only real regression — a date filter off by a day — before it shipped, and the site ended up 15% faster to build with a quarter less in ",[18,1288,1072],{},[36,1290,1292],{"id":1291},"faq","FAQ",[1294,1295,1297],"h3",{"id":1296},"do-i-have-to-convert-my-eleventy-config-to-esm-to-use-eleventy-3","Do I have to convert my Eleventy config to ESM to use Eleventy 3?",[14,1299,1300],{},"No. Eleventy 3 still supports CommonJS configuration files, so a site can upgrade first and convert later. Converting is worth doing because ESM-only packages can then be imported directly, and new Eleventy features and plugin examples assume ESM. Doing the two steps separately makes each easier to verify.",[1294,1302,1304],{"id":1303},"how-do-i-check-that-the-upgrade-did-not-change-the-output","How do I check that the upgrade did not change the output?",[14,1306,1307],{},"Build the site with Eleventy 2 and again with Eleventy 3 into separate directories, then diff them. Normalise whitespace and known intentional differences first. Any remaining difference is either a bug introduced by the upgrade or a behaviour change worth understanding before deploying.",[1294,1309,1311],{"id":1310},"what-breaks-most-often-when-upgrading-to-eleventy-3","What breaks most often when upgrading to Eleventy 3?",[14,1313,1314],{},"Plugins that have not been updated, custom filters that relied on CommonJS globals such as require or __dirname, data files using module.exports in a project now set to type module, and differences in Liquid or Nunjucks behaviour from updated template engine versions. The upgrade helper plugin reports many of these during the first build.",[1294,1316,1318],{"id":1317},"is-eleventy-3-faster-than-eleventy-2","Is Eleventy 3 faster than Eleventy 2?",[14,1320,1321],{},"On the site in this guide, a full build went from 48 to 41 seconds and peak memory fell by about 12 percent. Results vary by site, so measure both versions on your own content with a benchmarking tool such as hyperfine before and after.",[36,1323,1325],{"id":1324},"related","Related",[41,1327,1328,1336,1343,1350,1357],{},[44,1329,1330,1258,1333,1335],{},[1243,1331,1332],{},"Parent:",[30,1334,33],{"href":32}," — upgrade cost as a selection factor.",[44,1337,1338,1342],{},[30,1339,1341],{"href":1340},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fastro-vs-eleventy-for-documentation-sites\u002Ffixing-eleventy-out-of-memory-errors-on-large-collections\u002F","Fixing Eleventy Out-of-Memory Errors on Large Collections"," — memory behaviour after the upgrade.",[44,1344,1345,1349],{},[30,1346,1348],{"href":1347},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fastro-vs-eleventy-for-documentation-sites\u002Ffixing-duplicate-permalink-errors-in-eleventy\u002F","Fixing Duplicate Permalink Errors in Eleventy"," — another common Eleventy build failure.",[44,1351,1352,1356],{},[30,1353,1355],{"href":1354},"\u002Fproduction-ready-deployment-cicd-workflows\u002Ftesting-static-sites-in-ci\u002Fsnapshot-testing-build-output\u002F","Snapshot Testing Build Output"," — making the output diff a permanent check.",[44,1358,1359,1363],{},[30,1360,1362],{"href":1361},"\u002Fchoosing-the-right-static-site-generator-for-production\u002Fssg-framework-selection-matrix\u002Fscoring-ssg-long-term-maintenance-risk\u002F","Scoring SSG Long-Term Maintenance Risk"," — how upgrade effort feeds into maintenance risk.",[1365,1366,1367],"style",{},"html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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Content-Hashed Filenames",{"path":1810,"title":1811},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-control-headers-for-static-sites-in-nginx","Cache-Control Headers for Static Sites in Nginx",{"path":1813,"title":1814},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-control-headers-on-s3-and-cloudfront","Cache-Control Headers on S3 and CloudFront",{"path":1816,"title":1817},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-control-headers-on-vercel-for-static-sites","Cache-Control Headers on Vercel for Static Sites",{"path":1819,"title":1820},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcache-keys-and-query-strings-on-cdns","Cache Keys and Query Strings on CDNs",{"path":1822,"title":1823},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcaching-404s-and-redirects-at-the-edge","Caching 404s and Redirects at the Edge",{"path":1825,"title":1826},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fcloudflare-vs-cloudfront-cache-hit-ratios-for-static-sites","Cloudflare vs CloudFront Cache Hit Ratios for Static Sites",{"path":1828,"title":1829},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Ffixing-stale-html-after-deploys-on-cloudflare","Fixing Stale HTML After Deploys on Cloudflare",{"path":1831,"title":1832},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs","CDN Caching Rules for SSGs",{"path":1834,"title":1835},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcdn-caching-rules-for-ssgs\u002Fpurging-the-cdn-cache-after-a-static-deploy","Purging the CDN Cache 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Widgets",{"path":1897,"title":1898},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-images-without-dimensions-in-markdown","Fixing CLS From Images Without Dimensions in Markdown",{"path":1900,"title":1901},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-late-loading-embeds","Fixing CLS From Late-Loading Embeds",{"path":1903,"title":1904},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Ffixing-cls-from-sticky-headers-and-anchor-links","Fixing CLS from Sticky Headers and Anchor Links",{"path":1906,"title":1907},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites","Cumulative Layout Shift Fixes for Static Sites",{"path":1909,"title":1910},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Fmeasuring-cls-in-the-field-with-web-vitals-js","Measuring CLS in the Field With web-vitals.js",{"path":1912,"title":1913},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Freserving-space-for-ad-and-promo-slots","Reserving Space for Ad and Promo Slots",{"path":1915,"title":1916},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Fcumulative-layout-shift-fixes-for-static-sites\u002Freserving-space-for-images-and-embeds-to-stop-layout-shift","Reserving Space for Images and Embeds",{"path":1918,"title":1919},"\u002Fperformance-optimization-core-web-vitals-for-ssgs\u002Ffont-loading-strategies-for-static-sites\u002Fauditing-font-payload-per-page","Auditing Font Payload per 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